1850–1928 · United Kingdom
エベネザー・ハワード / Ebenezer Howard
Founder of the Garden City movement
Building agriculture into the city — the origin of the idea.
Working as a stenographer, Ebenezer Howard envisioned an alternative to the overcrowded, impoverished industrial city. In his 1898 book 'To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform' (later reissued as 'Garden Cities of To-morrow') he proposed the 'Garden City,' a planned town combining urban vitality with rural health.
The Garden City was drawn as a self-governing town surrounded by a belt of farmland and green space, with food production built in. Realised at Letchworth (1903) and later Welwyn, it profoundly influenced planning worldwide.
The idea of a city that contains its own farmland is a distant source of today's urban farms, productive green space and farmland-protection thinking.
Key contributions
- Proposed the 'Garden City,' a planned town containing farmland (1898)
- Spread the greenbelt and urban-farming ideal through Letchworth and beyond