Coproduction as a Causal Process

Urban Farm DB summary

This article argues that viewing the coproduction of public goods and services by government agencies and citizens as a causal process, using causal diagrams, can help describe and diagnose coproduction processes more precisely across various services and settings. The approach is demonstrated with examples such as roads, community gardens, traffic safety, education, and policing, and helps clarify the definition of coproduction and its relation to concepts like volunteering, participation, co-creation, and collaborative governance.