Database research record2024·Global
Benchmarking energy efficiency in vertical farming: Status and prospects
Miserocchi L., Franco A.
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
Urban Farm DB summary
The benchmarking review documents that vertical-farm lettuce production currently consumes a very high 10-18 kWh/kg, driven by lighting and climate control, identifying this energy intensity as a key barrier to cost-competitiveness with conventional agriculture.