Ecology of the Big Cities of the Russian Empire in Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries

Urban Farm DB summary

This historical study examines the emergence of environmental problems in major cities of the Russian Empire during the industrial revolution of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on water pollution in Saint Petersburg. Using statistical archival data, it traces the growing share of industrial pollution in total emissions and argues Saint Petersburg was among the most polluted cities in Europe, noting that addressing water pollution and urban redevelopment became relevant to urban agriculture and drew attention from municipal to national levels by the turn of the century.