Research & reports

Gary B. Palmer · Anthropological Quarterly · United States

This paper applies Clifford Geertz's theory of involution, defined as social and technological substrategies for resource scarcity, to water development in the Colorado River Basin, United States. It proposes involution, including urban agriculture, as an alternative to competitive expansion, interpreting its regional implications for geothermal, desalinization, and irrigation projects. The study suggests that impacts on regional water allocation and quality from energy development depend on institutional and economic factors.

M. Klein, M. Smith · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · United States

This bibliography lists pamphlets and newsletters related to organizing community gardens in the United States. It includes resources such as "Community Garden Handbook," "Guide to Community Garden Organization," and "Profiles of California Community Garden Projects." The bibliography also references the 1977 Gallup Poll results on gardening in America.

Natália da Silva Lemos, Liza Maria Da Souza de Andrade, Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros · Paranoá cadernos de arquitetura e urbanismo · Brazil

This research analyzed urban planning challenges in Brazil from the perspective of urban agriculture, examining social policies and legal frameworks including the City Statute (Law 10.257/2001) and Law 6.766/1979. The findings indicate a gap in legal provisions for urban agriculture actions and practices within land use and occupation regulations. The study suggests guidelines for implementation to address this deficiency.

Howard Weabster Nudd · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · United States

A 1923 essay on the role of citizen organizations in the history of American public education. It argues that developments in public education — from the establishment of the first public school through compulsory attendance, high schools, normal schools, kindergartens, evening and trade schools, playgrounds, school gardens, music, drawing, manual and household arts training, physical training, medical inspection, school lunches, school nurses, visiting teachers, and classes for children with disabilities or exceptional ability — were made possible, especially in their initial stages, by outside financial and other assistance from citizen organizations.