Research & reports

최희선, 안소은, 이후승, 송슬기, 이길상 · 기본연구보고서 · South Korea

This study examined the limitations and problems of existing park and green space policies and explored directions for their reorganization to ensure urban sustainability. It proposes a paradigm shift for policy formulation that ensures diversity, efficiency, and equity, by expanding the concept of urban park and green spaces to "green infrastructure," defined as encompassing both natural-ecological elements and artificially created green spaces within cities. The study also presented policy alternatives to enhance the efficiency of policy implementation through inter-ministerial cooperation and integrated approaches.

Ika Okhtora Angelia · Jurnal Abdimas Gorontalo (JAG) · Indonesia

In 2019, the PHBD program was implemented in Panggulo Barat Village, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, targeting residents with calcareous, barren land and a low cultivation culture. The program provided training on nursery techniques, selection of quality seeds, production of bio-fertilizers, and utilization of narrow land through verticulture (urban farming). As a result, residents acquired plant cultivation skills and could practice them at home, contributing to environmental greening and economic improvement through the sale of plant seedlings.

Rikawanto Eko Muljawan · Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR) · Indonesia (Surabaya)

In East Java, Indonesia, rapid infrastructure development leads to approximately 100 hectares of agricultural land being converted annually, reducing food supply. In Surabaya, 2000 hectares are controlled by developers, with some loaned for farming, and the local government supports urban farming for 624 households on 400 hectares. The abstract suggests that developers, who benefit from extensive land conversion, should contribute to agricultural resource improvement through Corporate Social Responsibility funds for agro eco-technology programs.

Ika Norcahyanti, Antonius Nugraha Widhi Pratama, Dwi Koko Pratoko · Dedication Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat · Indonesia

This community service program in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, aimed to prevent stunting by facilitating residents of Posyandu Aster 138A through education, hydroponic urban farming, child-friendly play areas, and supplementary food training. Activities conducted from July to September 2019 increased knowledge and experience among cadres and members regarding hydroponic urban farming and making iron-rich cookies and nuggets. The program was well-received by the target community.

Rebecca S. Lewis · Digital Commons @ Butler University (Butler University) · United States (Indianapolis)

This project aimed to test if common urban farming management processes increase soil ecosystem health in Indianapolis. Researchers analyzed organic matter composition, carbon and nitrogen percentages, carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil pH, and bulk density from soil samples collected at multiple sites across the city. The study hypothesized that soil samples from actively farmed land would show increased health indicators, making them more similar to naturally established ecosystems than unfarmed controls.

Stephan Pauleit, Didit Okta Pribadi, Hany Abo El Wafa · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Indonesia (Jakarta)

The continued existence of agriculture in and near urban areas, such as in Jakarta and Addis Ababa, is an important means to strengthen city resilience. However, its importance is still poorly, or at best intermittently, acknowledged by politicians and urban planners, who are inspired by visions of "modern" cities where agriculture is considered a negligible activity.

Lies Sulistyowati, C.J. Hakim, Eti Suminartika · International Journal of Innovative Research and Development · Indonesia (Depok)

A study in Depok City, Indonesia, analyzed starfruit farming based on tree ownership status (owners, tenants, sharecroppers) and faced problems within the Laris Jaya II Farmer Group. Using a qualitative case study, income analysis, R/C analysis, and descriptive analysis, results showed tenant farmers had the highest average net income per harvest season, while farm owners had the highest R/C value. Identified problems included production issues like planthopper pests and limited water, capital limitations, low selling prices to middlemen, and institutional challenges such as non-operating marketing bodies.

In-Kyoung Hong, Young Chae, Sang-Mi Lee, Young-Bin Jung · Journal of people, plants, and environment · South Korea

This study aimed to improve the diversity of urban gardens by identifying suitable crops from "Gwanhyuji," an agricultural book from the Joseon Dynasty. Fifty-three crops were selected based on traditionality, historicity, health functionality, and popularity, and their properties were evenly distributed. The study suggests that applying traditional knowledge to urban agriculture can transform urban gardens into resources offering educational and traditional values, thereby enhancing their diversity and utility.

Putri Lynna A. Luthan, Yogi Nikman, Hasanatun Nisa Hasibuan, Jaka Prima Albertus Malau · JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT · Indonesia (Medan)

In Medan, Indonesia, a verticulture urban farming training program was implemented in Lorong Sidodadi, a densely populated area with limited green space (5.6% of the city). The program targeted non-productive housewives and involved five stages: preparation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation. Participants reported positive responses, aesthetic, thermal, psychological, health, and economic benefits, and reduced vegetable purchases. However, the activity faced issues with rat pests and children's activities.

Riska Rahma Arriani, Mardwi Rahdriawan · Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota) · Indonesia (Jakarta)

A qualitative study using purposive sampling investigated the reasons for decreasing community participation in the government-initiated Urban Farming Program at Rusun Marunda, Jakarta, Indonesia. The program, which started with 50 farmers in 2014, saw participation drop to only 5 farmers by 2019. The study found that obstacles in farming demotivated farmers, leading to a decline in participation, particularly among those with economic-egoism motivations.

Mahantayya V Math, Yashoda R Kattimani, Manjusha M Padhye · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · India (Ahmadabad)

This study points out the impact of wastewater use in urban agriculture on the incidence of diarrhea in Ahmadabad, India. Vegetables grown with wastewater have an increased risk of internalization of food-borne bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella into edible plant parts, posing a serious health risk. Contaminated water, soil, poor hand hygiene, and improper handling are sources of bacterial contamination for vegetables and fruits.

Riesma Andiani, Harsoyo Harsoyo, Subejo Subejo · Agritech Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto · Indonesia (Jakarta)

This study aimed to analyze the motivation of Marunda village residents in Cilincing District, North Jakarta, Indonesia, regarding the implementation of a demplot urban farming program and to identify affecting factors. A simple random sampling method was used with 60 residents as respondents. Research results showed that residents' motivation reached 73.33% and was significantly affected by attitude, the role of the supervisor, and the availability of infrastructures.

Eko Widaryanto, N I K Yulita Firda · PLANTROPICA Journal of Agricultural Science · Indonesia (Malang)

A study in Malang, Indonesia, from July to December 2016, investigated the growth and yield of watercress using urban farming methods with different nitrogen fertilizers. The research, employing a Complete Randomized Design with four dose levels (1, 2, 3, 4 g/pot) and two fertilizer types (Urea and ZA) with three replications, found that both fertilizer type and level influenced watercress growth. Specifically, Urea fertilizer at 4 g per pot resulted in 50% higher yield compared to ZA fertilizer at 4 g per pot, indicating 4 g per pot of Urea fertilizer as the most effective dose.

Setyo Parsudi · Berkala Ilmiah AGRIDEVINA · Indonesia (Surabaya)

This study in Surabaya, Indonesia, aimed to identify urban farming models, community motivations, and obstacles faced in implementing urban agriculture. The study found that the most common urban farming models were hydroponics, followed by verticulture, fisheries, and rooftop gardens. Community motivations primarily included increasing income, utilizing empty land, pursuing farming hobbies, and using green open spaces. The main obstacles faced by the community were plant pests, lack of capital for development, extreme weather, and insufficient experience and knowledge in urban agriculture.

M.Si. Indra, Fitriani Fitriani, Handayani Sri · · Indonesia (Bandar Lampung)

This study outlines the plan for PT ABC, a hydroponic urban farm in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, to develop an "education farming" initiative. The objectives were to describe the business process, identify necessary resources, and design the activities for this educational program, which aims to teach the community about utilizing limited urban land for agriculture. The proposed plan includes defining activity stages, identifying resources such as inventory, promotion, and infrastructure, and structuring activity packages and production processes.

김종안, 최문식, 이준우, 위태석 · 식품유통연구 · South Korea

This study examined the role of agricultural extension agencies in promoting regional food plans in South Korea, where 46 plans have rapidly spread and 100 are projected by 2022. Analyzing 8 local governments' food policies using monitoring indicators derived from Milan policy agreements, the study found that agricultural technology centers' functions were less emphasized in rural and urban food plans compared to agricultural administration and foundations. Key tasks for agricultural technology centers include farmer education, community kitchens, urban-rural linked farming, and strengthening planned production systems, with a recommendation to shift focus from specialized farmers to a sustainable food system for the entire nation.

Alfan Prianggara, Gunanti Mahasri, Abdul Manan · Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health · Indonesia (Surabaya)

A survey in Surabaya, Indonesia, investigated water quality and endoparasite prevalence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from urban farming floating cage programs. Water quality parameters were measured, and average endoparasite prevalence was 5.71% for Eimeria spp. and 8% for Acanthogyrus spp. The study found positive correlations between water clarity, ammonia, and DO with Eimeria spp. prevalence, and between temperature, pH, nitrate, and nitrite with Acanthogyrus spp. prevalence, indicating a link between water quality and parasite infection.

Siti Aisyah Salim, Zawiyah Mohammad Yusof, Laili Farhana Md Ibharim, Siti Hajar Salim · Journal of Building Performance · Southeast Asia

This structured literature review examines urban farming activities, technology applications, and smallholder farming in Southeast Asia, where urban farming is limited and dispersed. The study selected 88 articles from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus to provide a taxonomy and future research directions. It identifies the benefits, challenges, and recommendations for improving the acceptance and use of urban farming applications in the region.

Idealita Ismanto · spectā Journal of Photography Arts and Media · Indonesia (Surabaya)

This qualitative study in Pegirian, Surabaya, investigated the use of photography as a learning medium for children to monitor urban farming and document their living environment. Using observation and interviews, the research found that photography can document environmental changes, facilitate child and community participation in child-friendly environmental activities, and improve family behavior in plant care and environmental maintenance, strengthening family and community relationships.

Chery Soraya Ammatillah · · Indonesia (Jakarta)

This study analyzed the role of urban agriculture on household income in five districts of DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, using data from 60 respondents in 2017. The average urban agricultural income was 24,431,176 IDR per year, and the average total household income was 38,948,226 IDR per year. Urban agriculture contributed 62.7% to total household income, indicating its role as a main source of income for these households.

Nizzatul Amaliyah, Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo · Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan · Indonesia

This study of the Indonesian women's farming groups KWT Dahlia Indah and KWT Nusa Indah Lestari combined a quantitative questionnaire with qualitative in-depth interviews to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics, communication climate, and participation level in an urban farming program, and between participation level and program success. Individual characteristics were not related to participation level, but the communication climate within the groups was supportive and related to participation level, and participation level had a significant relationship with the program's success rate.

Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari, Anastasia Tatik Hartanti, Bernard Atviano · Jurnal Perkotaan · Indonesia

A hydroponic experiment in Indonesia tested the effect of plant growth regulators on water spinach (kangkung, Ipomoea aquatica) yield. Treatments included a control (AB-Mix), IAA (indole acetic acid) at 0.5 ppm, BAP (benzyl adenine purine) at 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, and combined IAA/BAP at 0.5/1.0 ppm, measuring leaf number, plant height, antioxidant content and water content. Morphological growth was most optimal under 0.5 ppm IAA, while 1.0 ppm BAP produced the shortest average plant height, fewest leaves and shortest root length. Chlorophyll testing showed 0.5 ppm IAA had the highest total chlorophyll content, averaging 9.55 μg/ml, and the authors conclude 0.5 ppm IAA had the most positive effect among the treatments tested.

최지원, 오충현 · 한국환경생태학회 학술발표논문집 · South Korea

A study of urban agriculture in Gangdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea, reviewing about ten years of activity from the district's 2010 enactment of Korea's first eco-friendly urban agriculture support ordinance through its 2019 comprehensive plan, assessed across economic, environmental-ecological and social dimensions using Lee Chang-woo's (2016) functional classification and a resident satisfaction survey, to derive directions for the next urban agriculture master plan. On the economic side, following the district's first urban garden plots opened in the Gangil-dong area in 2009, by January 2019 there were 39 sites totaling 145,806 square meters across 6,873 plots, and in 2018 the Gangdong Urban Agriculture Support Center ("Ssingssing Dream") recorded produce sales of 348,218,000 KRW and donated 3,204 kg of produce to low-income households. On the environmental side, urban beekeeping begun in 2013 had grown to roughly 40 hives by 2018, alongside 25,923 box gardens and 121 rooftop gardens (totaling 1,828 square meters) established by 2018; on the social side, rooftop gardens at eight welfare facilities hosted a total of 107 horticultural therapy sessions by 2018.

Budijanto Chandra, Titin Fatimah · Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota Berkelanjutan · Indonesia

A 2019 study examines green open space (RTH) development under land constraints in Kampung Luar Batang, a historic settlement in Jakarta located within the Kota Tua heritage district and home to the Luar Batang Mosque and the tomb of Habib Husein. The densely settled, unplanned kampung is prone to tidal flooding; using a qualitative descriptive method with observation and interviews focused on RW 02, the study proposes hydroponic and aquaponic (combined with catfish farming) urban farming as forms of green space suited to the area's limited land and irrigation water.

Tanushree Chakrabarti · Economic Affairs · India

A 2019 study examined the development and problems of urban agriculture in wards 28, 29 and 30 of the Chandernagore Municipal Corporation (CMC), Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. These three wards were rural before 1995, when they were added to the CMC as part of the town's expansion. A significant portion of the population remains dependent on agriculture, with fruit and vegetable crops in particular helping ensure food security for urban consumers.