Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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Critical findings
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Promoting the Development of Edible Landscapes in Suburban Areas with Place Branding—A Case Study in Taiwan
2023Zhiwei Zheng, Rung-Jiun Chou · Land · Taiwan (Taoyuan City)
This study investigated strategies for promoting edible landscapes in urban communities, focusing on the San-He community in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation, the research found that edible landscapes offer social, economic, and cultural benefits but face challenges in marketing, government policies, and growing techniques. Place branding strategies were identified as effective in addressing these challenges.
Peri-urban agricultureEconomicsCommunityPolicyTransfer Teknologi pengolahan Media Tanam Berbasis Mikroba Indigenous dan Gulma Air Kepada Petani Kelurahan Bangkal
2023Ismed Setya Budi, Ismed Fachruzi, Mariana Mariana, Yusriadi Yusriadi, Muhammad Indar Pramudi, Helda Orbani Rossa · Jurnal Pengabdian ILUNG (Inovasi Lahan Basah Unggul) · Indonesia (Banjarbaru)
This project addressed agricultural challenges in Bangkal Village, Banjarbaru City, Indonesia, where farmers face issues with soil fertility and seasonal flooding. The proposed solution involved transferring technology for making organic fertilizer using indigenous microbes (Trichoderma sp.) and aquatic weeds (kalakai and kayapu). Initial outreach and a workshop with 42 participants revealed farmers needed direct practical guidance. Ongoing field assistance enabled the "Bunga Padi" farmer group to produce packaged organic fertilizer for market and local use, with the aim of eventually marketing Bangkal-specific organic red rice.
Organic cycleCompostPeri-urban agricultureCommunityUrban Farming Aquaculture as an AlternativeBusiness for Food and Economic Security Duringthe COVID-19 Pandemic – Case Studyin the Sub-Urban Area of Jakarta, Indonesia
2023Haryanti Haryanti, Iskandar Iskandar, Achmad Rizal, Ratu Siti Aliah, Suhendar I Sachoemar · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · Indonesia (Jakarta)
This 6-month study (July-December 2022) in Jakarta's sub-urban area investigated prospective urban farming aquaculture business models for food and economic security during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 200 fish farming groups showed that Tilapia and Catfish models (CF-3, CF-2) improved food security, while ornamental fish models (OF-1, OF-2, OF-4, OF-5) improved economic security. The study concluded that urban farming aquaculture has good prospects as an alternative business.
EconomicsFood sovereignty & justicePeri-urban agricultureCommunityBangkok’s existing mixed fruit orchards are tree diversity hotspots for city greening
2023Vudipong Davivongs, Sigit D. Arifwidodo · Urban Ecosystems · Thailand
This study surveyed six orchards in Bangkok's Inner Orchard (BIO) to analyze forest structure and tree diversity. It found 98.64% forest canopy cover, an average tree height greater than common orchard trees, and mid-range diversity (Shannon index 2.53). Older orchards showed greater fruit tree species diversity, while newer ones had less.
Peri-urban agricultureBiodiversityClimate changeFood sovereignty & justiceUnveiling Climate Resilience of Peri-urban Agriculture: A Farming System-Based Assessment of Coastal Plains of Kerala, India
2023Pooja Krishna Jayakrishnan, Jayalekshmi Gopalakrishnan Nair, Archana Raghavan Sathyan, Ashutosh Jena, Manju Prem Shiva Reddy · Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology · India
This study, conducted from 2019 to 2023 in six agro-ecological units of Kerala's Coastal plains, India, assessed the climate resilience of peri-urban agriculture. Researchers developed a Climate Resilience Index (CRI) based on 72 indicators across absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities. The mean CRI was 0.563, with absorptive and transformative capacities contributing most, and water sufficiency and sustainable practices identified as key determinants of resilience.
Peri-urban agricultureClimate changeFood sovereignty & justiceLandscape Change Analysis: Ecosystem Services in the Peri-urban Agriculture of Bangkok
2022Fa Likitswat, Alisa Sahavacharin · Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) · Thailand (Bangkok)
This research analyzed landscape transformations, specifically agricultural landscape structures and functions, in eight selected sites in the urban fringe of Bangkok from 1952 to 2018. The study found that the significant loss of agricultural landscape in Bangkok's peri-urban areas resulted in the loss of seasonal water retention areas, productive landscapes, and urban wildlife habitats. It concludes there is a research gap regarding the lack of policies and practices to promote ecosystem services linked to preserving peri-urban agriculture in Bangkok.
Environmental trade-offsPeri-urban agricultureClimate changeBiodiversityPolicyTHEORY FROM EMPTY LAND: Informal Commoning Outside/Within Economies and Ecologies of the Urban
2022Asa Roast · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · China
An ethnographic study in Chongqing, Southwest China, examined informal peri-urban agriculture on undeveloped land created by state-led expansion since the early 2000s. This "empty land" is informally used by displaced peasants and migrant workers for agriculture. The study reveals that these spaces are ambiguously positioned outside urban governance and are under threat of rapid enclosure within urban accumulation regimes.
Governance failurePeri-urban agricultureCommunityEconomicsFood sovereignty & justiceNot a ‘Peripheral’ Connection
2022Raktima Ghosh · · India (Kolkata)
This study examined the roles and emergent risks of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India, using a mixed-method approach combining empirical findings and geospatial techniques. Field observations and land use land cover (LULC) mapping validated land conversion patterns and the spatial shrinkage of UPA in the Kolkata metropolis. The study revealed current socioecological changes and governance patterns in the context of UPA, indicating that UPA faces multiple challenges arising from land-use transformations, privatization of lands, and changing social equations in the city.
Governance failureFood sovereignty & justicePeri-urban agricultureEconomicsPolicyKajian Kelayakan Ekonomi Usaha Pertanian Perkotaan di Kota Makassar
2022Nurhanis Abdullah, Muhammad Hasan, Citra Ayni Kamaruddin, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Nurjannah Nurjannah · Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian · Indonesia (Makassar)
This study aimed to determine the economic feasibility of urban agriculture businesses in Makassar City, Indonesia, focusing on production, market/marketing, and financial aspects. Qualitative data was used for production and market analysis, while quantitative data was used for financial analysis with Payback Period (PP) and Net Present Value (NPV). The results indicated that the KWT Anggrek business was feasible in terms of production and marketing, but the financial analysis showed a Net Present Value of -8,005,133, indicating that the business is not financially viable to continue.
EconomicsCommunityPeri-urban agricultureFood sovereignty & justiceBANGKOK’S URBAN SPRAWL: LAND FRAGMENTATION AND CHANGES OF PERI-URBAN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AREAS IN THAWI WATTHANA DISTRICT
2022Alisara Menakanit, Vudipong Davivongs, Prapassara NAKA, Nath PICHAKUM · Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis · Thailand (Bangkok)
This study investigated land use changes and landscape fragmentation in prime vegetable production areas within Thawi Watthana district, Bangkok, Thailand. A GIS database was used to analyze land use proportions, changes in vegetable production areas, and land configurations from 1976 to 2015. The results showed that vegetable production areas decreased at a rate of 20.38 ha/y, despite the district being designated as an agricultural area in Bangkok's land use planning policies. Fragmentation of the vegetable production matrix increased due to expanded road networks and contiguous roadside urban development.
Limited or null effectPeri-urban agriculturePolicyEconomicsCharacterization of Wastewater Irrigated Soils of District Kota of Rajasthan
2022Subhash Aswal, Harshal Purohit, P. K. Gupta, K. K. Yadav, Laxman Jat, Shipra Jaiswal, R. A. Kaushik · International Journal of Plant & Soil Science · India (Kota)
A quarterly survey in Kota district, Rajasthan, India, characterized wastewater-irrigated soils by comparing them with tube well water-irrigated soils from ten urban sites. The study found decreased sand content, pH, and dehydrogenase activity, while porosity, EC, BOD, COD, OC, available-NPK, SO4, Cl, and heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr) increased. Some parameters exceeded Indian standard permission limits, indicating contamination, with highest values observed in summer.
Contamination & food safetyHealthPeri-urban agriculturePotensi pengembangan pertanian perkotaan dalam mewujudkan pembangunan perkotaan yang berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus KWT Anggrek Kecamatan Bara-Barayya Kota Makassar)
2022Nurhanis Abdullah, Muhammad Hasan, Muhammad Rakib · Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan · Indonesia (Makassar)
This qualitative explanatory study explored the potential of urban agriculture to contribute to sustainable urban development, using KWT Anggrek in Bara-Barayya District, Makassar City, Indonesia, as a case study. Makassar City is suitable for developing wetland, semi-wetland, horticultural, monthly, and seasonal crops by utilizing limited urban land. The findings indicate that urban agriculture is an important component that needs to be well-implemented to achieve sustainable and environmentally conscious urban development.
Climate changePeri-urban agricultureEconomicsANALISIS AKSESIBILITAS PETANI PERKOTAAN TERHADAP AGROINPUT DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN URBAN FARMING
2021Harniati Harniati, Reni Suryanti · Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian · Indonesia
This study investigated urban farmers' accessibility to agroinputs in intra-urban (Situ Gede, Margajaya) and peri-urban (Pasir Buncir, Pasir Eurih of Tamansari) areas in Indonesia. The findings revealed that land, labor, feed concentrate, fertilizer, and seeds are difficult for farmers to access. Specifically, peri-urban paddy land ownership is less than 0.2 Ha, intra-urban farmers are landless, outside labor is limited and expensive, and feed concentrate for sheep is rarely available and unaffordable. These limited accessibilities present problems and challenges for urban agribusiness development.
Economic viabilityPolicyEconomicsCommunityPeri-urban agricultureEvaluation of ecosystem services from peri-urban organic farms: a case study of Beijing
2021黄甘霖 HUA Yeyu 华野毓 · Acta Ecologica Sinica · China (Beijing)
Ecosystem services from peri-urban organic farms in Beijing, China, were evaluated as of 2019. It was found that there were 271 organic farms in the suburbs of Beijing, covering a planting area of 10,900 hectares, accounting for 5.1% of the arable land in Beijing. Provision services were valued at 1.612 billion Yuan, regulation services (soil carbon sequestration) at 21.4 million Yuan, and cultural services (picking, farmers' markets, education activities) at 118.9 million Yuan. Organic farms also reduced energy use and emissions compared to conventional farms of the same area.
Peri-urban agricultureOrganic cycleBiodiversityClimate changeEconomicsFood educationCommunityUrban wastewater for agriculture : farmers’ perspectives from peri-urban Bengaluru
2021Seema Purushothaman, Sheetal Patil, Raghvendra S. Vanjari, A. R. Shwetha · · India (Bengaluru)
A participatory assessment in Byramangala, Bengaluru, explored farmers' perspectives on using wastewater (domestic sewage with industrial effluents) for irrigation. The study found that farmers were adapting to a heavily polluted environment, which resulted in restricted crop choices, lower produce prices, health impacts, and socio-cultural consequences. Despite concerns about water quality, farmers prioritized health-imparting agriculture and were keen to continue farming, but their preference for treated wastewater was overshadowed by its potential diversion for urban use.
Contamination & food safetyPeri-urban agricultureHealthClimate changeEconomicsEffects of Partial Organic Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer on Antibiotic Residues in Peri-Urban Agricultural Soil in China
2021Dong BaoCheng, Wei Li, Wenyong Xu · Antibiotics · China
A field experiment in peri-urban agricultural soil in China investigated the effects of partially substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizers like pig manure and sewage sludge on soil quality and antibiotic residues. Organic substitution significantly increased residual antibiotic levels in agricultural soil, with antibiotic sequestration rising by 138.1~332.5%. This indicated that organic fertilizers can promote antibiotic persistence in soil by modifying soil quality, demonstrating a contamination risk.
Contamination & food safetyOrganic cycleClimate changePeri-urban agricultureThe cultural economy of human waste reuse: perspectives from peri-urban Karnataka, India
2021Zachary Burt, C. Shambu Prasad, Pay Drechsel, Isha Ray · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · India (Karnataka)
A preference-ranking model was developed to understand the acceptance of fecal sludge-derived fertilizer (FSF) in Karnataka, India, by modeling farmowners and farmworkers separately. The study found that farmers willing to use FSF prefer to conceal its origins from workers and their caste group, especially caste-adhering, vegetarian farmowners. Workers were open to FSF if it resembled cow manure, revealing that the waste economy in rural India is shaped by unacknowledged caste hierarchies and practices.
Equity & displacementOrganic cyclePeri-urban agriculturePolicyEconomicsHealthCommunityTrinity assessment method applied to heavy-metal contamination in peri-urban soil–crop systems: A case study in northeast China
2021Xingjia Wang, Wenbo Li, Dongyan Wang, Songze Wu, Zhuoran Yan, Jiaqi Han · Ecological Indicators · China
A 'trinity' assessment method was developed to evaluate heavy-metal contamination in peri-urban soil–crop systems in Northeast China, covering total, available, and accumulated heavy metals. While traditional methods indicated less contamination, the trinity method revealed spatial clustering of heavy-metal contamination in cultivated lands caused by urbanization and industrialization, and a decreasing urban–rural trend in contaminated areas, particularly in transition zones.
Contamination & food safetyPeri-urban agricultureHealthIncome from Urban Farming Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) in Benpasi Village, Kefamenanu City District
2021Umbu Joka, Aprianus Nelson Bana · Agribusiness Journal · Indonesia (Kefamenanu City District)
This survey study, conducted in June 2020 with 20 farmers from the Nekaf Mese farmer group in Benpasi Village, Indonesia, aimed to determine the income and relative advantages of urban bean farming. Farmers cultivated 6-9 acres, generating an average revenue of Rp. 1,827,500 and an average income of Rp. 796,050 per planting season. The average relative profit was 1.74, indicating economic profitability.
EconomicsCommunityPeri-urban agricultureChanging Agriculture and Climate Variability in Peri-Urban Gurugram, India
2021Pratik Mishra, Sumit Vij · · India (Gurugram)
Ethnographic research in Budhera, a peri-urban village bordering Gurugram city in Haryana, India, investigated the juxtaposition of urbanization processes and climate variability impacts on peri-urban agriculture. Results showed that dimensions of agrarian livelihoods, such as cropping choices, irrigation cycles, sharecropping arrangements, declining common property resources, and land use changes to non-agricultural uses, were influenced by urbanization processes. It was concluded that changes in land and water use reshape agricultural practices and can cascade upon climate variability impacts, making agriculture more precarious for peri-urban farmers.
Economic viabilityPeri-urban agricultureClimate changeEconomicsUrban–rural linkagePKM PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK PKK DENGAN MODEL URBAN FARMING DI DESA DAWUHAN LOR, KECAMATAN SUKODONO, LUMAJANG, JAWA TIMUR
2020Nanik Furoidah · Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) · Indonesia
The PKK group in Dawuhan Lor Village, Sukodono District, Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia, has cultivated plants with limited knowledge. This community partnership program (PKM) aims to introduce urban farming models, including hydroponics and portable cultivation innovations for vegetables, fruits, and herbs. The target is to achieve 15-25% self-sufficiency in daily vegetable and herb needs, enhance the home environment, and contribute to household food security.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceHealthPeri-urban agriculturePemberdayaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Harapan Jaya Melalui Pelatihan Produksi Jahe Instan Herbal
2020Nur Arifaini, Ika Kustiani, Purba Aleksander, Amril Ma’ruf Siregar · · Indonesia (Bandar Lampung)
A community service program in Rajabasa Jaya Village, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, addressed land conversion and irrigation issues in an urban fringe agricultural area. The program aimed to empower the Harapan Kita Women Farmers Group by providing training on urban farming methods for ginger cultivation in home gardens. It also included installing instant herbal ginger processing machines and training on producing instant ginger to enhance the economic value of their harvest.
CommunityEconomicsDIYPeri-urban agricultureFarm diversification options for ensuring livelihood security of peri-urban farmers in eastern plateau and hill region: Learnings from Farmer FIRST Project
2020Priya Ranjan Kumar, Sudarshan Maurya, Asit Chakrabarti, V K Yadav, Soumen Naskar, Sanju Gupta, Sonal Kumari, Arun Kumar Singh, B. P. Bhatt, Bikash Das · The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences · India (Jharkhand)
This two-year experimental study in four villages near Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, tested technological options to improve the profitability of peri-urban agriculture systems. Farm households were classified into five typologies based on agri-economic conditions. The experiments indicated that options such as rainy season cultivation of solanaceous vegetables, cultivation of wheat and chickpea in rice fallow, parasite management in animals, and oyster mushroom cultivation increased income from agricultural production systems for all farmer typologies. Notably, income from non-farm sources decreased across all five typologies.
Peri-urban agricultureEconomicsWelfareHEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN SOILS AND LETTUCE, AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT PERI-URBAN AREA IN HUE, VIETNAM
2020Mila Siti Fatimah, M.S Ir. Eko Hanudin, Ph. D. Toru Watanabe · · Vietnam
This study investigated heavy metal contamination in soils, vegetables, and irrigation water in peri-urban agricultural areas of Hue, Vietnam, from May 2018 to January 2019. Samples from three sites revealed that while irrigation water and agricultural soils were not seriously contaminated, 14% of vegetables were contaminated by Cr, 76% by Cd, and 47% by Pb. The consumption of vegetables was categorized as a tolerable health risk.
Contamination & food safetyHealthPeri-urban agriculturePeri-urban agriculture: lessons learnt from Jakarta and Addis Ababa
2019Stephan Pauleit, Didit Okta Pribadi, Hany Abo El Wafa · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Indonesia (Jakarta)
The continued existence of agriculture in and near urban areas, such as in Jakarta and Addis Ababa, is an important means to strengthen city resilience. However, its importance is still poorly, or at best intermittently, acknowledged by politicians and urban planners, who are inspired by visions of "modern" cities where agriculture is considered a negligible activity.
Governance failurePeri-urban agriculturePolicyEconomicsClimate change