Research & reports

Maria Lúcia da Silva Sodré, Ubirani Oliveira Santos, Altemar S. Dias · Revista GeoNordeste · Brazil

This study demonstrated the experience of vegetable production and consumption at an elderly home in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. Field research, including semi-structured interviews, was conducted after the vegetable garden was built. The main results indicated that the produced food provided access to agrochemical-free consumption, ensuring food and nutritional security. It also portrayed the inmates' life histories, family memories, and recollections of past agricultural activities, leveraging their cultural background in the urban territory.

Cristiane Socorro Okamura de Farias, Edinelza Macedo Ribeiro · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Brazil

This study investigated the possibilities of working with literacy practices through a "School Garden Project" for 5th-year elementary students in a public school in Parintins, Am. A qualitative field study was conducted using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the project monitor, one Portuguese language teacher, and four students from the observed class. The investigative path demonstrated that despite the challenges the institution still faces in developing possibilities for working with literacy in the "School Garden Project," this is an expectation that can become a reality if the school is willing to invest seriously in this proposal.

Alana Bowen Siegner, Charisma Acey, Jennifer Sowerwine · Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems · United States (California)

This paper analyzed survey responses from 35 East Bay urban farms through an agroecology lens. The analysis documented how these diverse farms form part of a fragile system that produces important spaces of food, community, health, and culture. It is noted that public investment for urban agriculture in U.S. cities remains both inequitable and inadequate, resulting in uneven and ad hoc outcomes for urban agriculture initiatives.

Carrie Chennault · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · United States

This three-year feminist ethnographic study examined the Growing Together Iowa community donation gardening and food rescue program, focusing on its institutional and community partners. The research aimed to understand how solutions to food insecurity emerge from social relations and socio-historical contexts. Findings demonstrated that uneven power relations permeate even well-intended efforts to address food insecurity within such initiatives.

Blaire O’Neal · · United States (San Diego County)

This research investigates the significance of soil in distinguishing urban agriculture forms in San Diego County and examines how soil-based and soilless growing methods relate to justice. The results illustrate that while the way food is grown is important for urban agriculture organizations' identity and practices, it is only one of many factors influencing justice, such as socio-spatial context. Justice is an ongoing process that evolves as urban agriculture commodities travel through their circuits and interact with placed networks filled with intentions, actions, discourses, objects, actors, and forces.

Kathryn Markham-Petro · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Canada

This qualitative study explored the social and emotional practices of primary grade students (kindergarten through grade five) in urban elementary schools in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, through gardening experiences. Data was collected from 14 educators across six schools. Findings indicated that gardening experiences benefited most students, especially those with diverse needs, and increased social and emotional skills related to collaboration and conflict resolution.

Tracey Overbey · Public Library Quarterly · United States (Cleveland, Ohio)

The Cleveland Public Library addressed food security issues in Cleveland, Ohio, by collaborating with local organizations like The Ohio State University Extension and the Cuyahoga County Land Bank. This paper describes how public libraries are changing their services in disadvantaged communities and provides a step-by-step approach to starting a community garden at a local public library or community property.

Isabela Cicaroni Ottoni, Bruno Miguel Paz Mendes de Oliveira, Daniel Henrique Bandoni · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Brazil

This cross-sectional observational study, using 2010 data from 749 Brazilian municipalities, evaluated Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) actions within the National School Feeding Program (NSFP). Binary logistic regression showed that the presence of FNE in school curricula was the most significant predictor of running school gardens (OR=2.406), followed by using food from family farms (OR=2.049) and culinary workshops (OR=2.032). The study concluded that FNE in the school curriculum is positively associated with growing vegetable gardens.

Caroline Rains, Kristen Giombi, Anupama Joshi · Translational Behavioral Medicine · United States (Oregon)

Oregon's Farm to School Education Grant Program aimed to increase knowledge of and preference for fruits and vegetables among children in low-income school districts. The study analyzed Oregon Department of Education Farm to School Baseline and Progress Reports from school year 2015-2016 and conducted interviews with education grantees. Education grants reached over 20,000 students in 30 districts, including 25 low-income districts. Reported activities included nutrition and food-based lessons, school gardens, and farm field trips, leading to students eating fruits and vegetables, trying new foods because of gardens, and learning about growing produce.

Peter R. W. Gerritsen, Víctor Sanchez Bernal, Georgina Torres Rodríguez · Brazilian Journal of Development · Mexico

This study analyzed food security in two medium-sized cities in Western Mexico using secondary data and field research. It found that while these highly globalized cities had a low degree of food security, extensive domestic backyard agricultural activities significantly raised family-level food security. A critical finding is that this potential for urban food security is not valued by governmental institutions.

Ashley Pritchard · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · United States

Eden Gardens Farm, a 120-acre farm of the nonprofit Glodev in Jacksonville, Florida, uses aquaponics and other sustainable agriculture to produce food for its community. Currently featuring two greenhouses, a garden, and an orchard, future plans include seven more greenhouses, a community garden, and a farmers market. This study aims to develop an educational curriculum assessing Eden Gardens' mission and priorities, focusing on environmental and outdoor education with aquaponics, to connect Jacksonville's youth with skills in science, sustainability, food production, and social values.

Valéria . Calipo, Tassiane Boreli Pinato, Sartori Aparecida Marcia, Zambone Maria Sabatine Alessandra, Santi Eduardo Santi Carlos · · Brazil (Diadema)

This work proposes the "Community Garden: New Paths and Knowledge" project, aiming to involve university students in paid internships and volunteer work at the Diadema Municipal Government and Methodist University of São Paulo. The project seeks to contribute to the socioeconomic development of the region and reduce vulnerable communities. Students from various courses will visit community gardens weekly, with some also participating in daily paid internships.

Emily N. Ander · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · United States (Orange and Durham counties)

This 2019 paper from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explores the concept of urban agriculture, defining it as an industry located within or on the fringe of urban areas that grows, raises, processes, and distributes food and non-food products. It notes that community gardening is the most well-known and common form of urban agriculture in the United States. The paper aims to define the research question and identify key principles for the success of urban agriculture, particularly in the context of community gardening.

Helen Mary Rose, Charles R. Upshaw, Joshua D. Rhodes, Yuval Edrey, Michael E. Webber · · United States (Austin)

This project describes the development of the Solar, Water, Energy, and Thermal Laboratory (SWEAT Lab), a rooftop experimental space at the University of Texas at Austin built by Cockrell School of Engineering students. The SWEAT Lab is an ongoing experiential learning facility that enables engineering education by deploying energy and water-related projects, and it contains a full weather station, a rainwater harvesting system, and a rooftop garden. The project provided students with opportunities to learn firsthand about unique engineering challenges, such as weight limitations and wind resistance, and gain experience working with building facilities management.

Mikaël Akimowicz, Harry Cummings, Charilaos Képhaliacos, Karen Landman · · Canada

This chapter analyzes the impact of two peri-urban agricultural policies: Ontario’s Greenbelt in Canada and the InterSCoT in Toulouse, France, both aiming to regulate urban sprawl and preserve peri-urban agriculture. Ontario’s Greenbelt is a top-down zoning policy, while Toulouse’s InterSCoT results from municipal coordination. Based on farmer in-depth interviews, the study found that preserving farmland alone is insufficient to maintain a sustainable peri-urban farming sector, emphasizing the need for coordination spaces that include farmers' needs during policy design.

Paucar Guerrero, Laura Muñoz Mata, P.B. Madrigal, J.J.M. Criollo · International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics · Mexico (Mexico City)

This study proposes using pop-up farms with Mel Bartholomew's system for cultivating local vegetables in Mexico City, utilizing the subtropical highland climate and a rainwater harvesting system. Preliminary results indicate that a pop-up farm can supply a significant fraction of the average yearly family consumption for these vegetables. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that pop-up farms are a viable strategy for providing high-quality food at low costs, contributing to improved health and economic conditions in urban environments.

Christopher Strunk, Ursula Lang · Case Studies in the Environment · United States

This case study examines urban gardening policies and practices in two smaller Midwestern cities, arguing that green space management extends beyond narrow urban agriculture definitions. It highlights the significance of gardening on privately owned land, such as front and back yards, alongside public land. The study demonstrates that urban gardening occurs across public/private property distinctions, involves a broader range of actors, and fosters neighborhood connections for sustainability.

Gordon W. Frankie, Ingrid Feng, Robbin W. Thorp, Jaime C. Pawelek, Marissa H. Chase, Christopher C. Jadallah, Mark Rizzardi · Journal of Pollination Ecology · United States (California)

An extensive survey of bee-flower collection records from 10 California cities between 2005 and 2011 examined diverse bee species visiting native and non-native ornamental plants. A total of 7,659 bees were examined, identifying 229 bee species visiting both native and non-native plant types. Native bee species were common on both plant types, but substantially more non-native bee species visited non-native plants compared to native plants.

Adriane Cordoni Savi, Ormy Leocádio Hutner Júnior, Fernanda Cardoso Faria, Isaura Marques Souza Uhmann · Brazilian Journal of Development · Brazil

This article demonstrates urban and peri-urban agricultural practices in small backyards, remnant residential garden areas, and green roofs. These practices aim to produce food for self-consumption and to foster farming among neighbors for subsistence or as a source of supplementary family income.

Cristiane e Castro Feitosa Melo · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Brazil (Fortaleza)

This qualitative ethnographic case study in a public school in Fortaleza, Brazil, analyzed the contribution of producing and using natural insecticide in a school garden to geography learning for 8th-9th graders. The experiment focused on fighting leafy ants (Saúvas) and linked environmentalism, geography, and societal comparisons. The study concluded that this educational experiment enhanced training and human actions related to geography and environmental education.

Cinthia Asunción Peralta-González, Rodolfo Mondragón-Ríos, Eduardo Bello Baltazar · Estudios Sociales Revista de Alimentación Contemporánea y Desarrollo Regional · Mexico (San Cristóbal de Las Casas)

This qualitative study analyzed sociocultural spaces and communication mechanisms used for collective learning and knowledge appropriation regarding medicinal and gastronomic plant use among residents of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. Ethnographic techniques were employed with members of the urban agriculture network Sembrando Jovel, citizens from the Santa Lucía neighborhood, and various city markets. Results identified formal, non-formal, and informal spaces linked by communication mechanisms such as intergenerational coexistence, daily practices, experimentation, knowledge exchange, classes, courses, workshops, diplomas, and mass media. The study was limited to a small number of families (four cases) in the Santa Lucía neighborhood regarding the domestic sphere. As a result of appropriation processes, knowledge about medicinal and gastronomic plant uses has been re-signified, adopting critical stances against food industries and in favor of personal, social, and cultural well-being.

Jared T. McGuirt · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · United States

This mixed-methods formative evaluation, part of a larger randomized trial in four US states, assessed an affordable Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program integrated into federal nutrition education. A survey of 262 low-income adults showed high interest (85%), with more interest if a CSA was included (84%). A choice experiment (n=42) indicated preferences for a large, mixed-variety CSA box, distributed twice monthly for under $15, and not significantly further than a supermarket.

Antonis Vradis, Timo Bartholl · Journal of the British Academy · Brazil (São Paulo)

This article discusses urban food insecurity and the right to the city in Brazil, specifically in the Maré complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. An action-research approach was deployed to study food insecurity, situated in the context of increasing securitization in Brazilian urban peripheries and the ensuing obstacles to populations' right to the city. The article proposes the agroecological approach as a potential avenue to achieve popular food sovereignty in these urban peripheries of the Global South.

Glenda Maria Braga Abud, Maria Lúcia Bahia Lopes, Rosália do Socorro da Silva Corrêa, Ruth Helena Cristo Almeida · Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente · Brazil (Benevides)

A descriptive survey was conducted with 25 producers in Benevides municipality, Pará State, Brazil, to analyze the contribution of flower and ornamental plant production to local development. The activity was found to be essentially subsistence-based, with low articulation among producers and technological and productive limitations. These aspects resulted in a restricted capacity to contribute to development in the studied municipality.

Isabela Cicaroni Ottoni, Bruno Oliveira, Daniel Henrique Bandoni · O Mundo da Saúde · Brazil

This study evaluated the presence of Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) actions within Brazil's National School Feeding Program (NSFP) and identified predictors for running school gardens, using 2010 secondary data from 749 municipalities. Binary logistic regression showed that the presence of FNE in school curricula was the most significant predictor of running school gardens (OR=2.406). This was followed by the use of food from family farms (OR=2.049) and the carrying out of culinary workshops (OR=2.032). The presence of FNE in the school curriculum was positively associated with growing vegetable gardens.