Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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지역단위 푸드플랜 추진과 농촌지도기관의 역할에 대한 고찰
2019김종안, 최문식, 이준우, 위태석 · 식품유통연구 · South Korea
This study examined the role of agricultural extension agencies in promoting regional food plans in South Korea, where 46 plans have rapidly spread and 100 are projected by 2022. Analyzing 8 local governments' food policies using monitoring indicators derived from Milan policy agreements, the study found that agricultural technology centers' functions were less emphasized in rural and urban food plans compared to agricultural administration and foundations. Key tasks for agricultural technology centers include farmer education, community kitchens, urban-rural linked farming, and strengthening planned production systems, with a recommendation to shift focus from specialized farmers to a sustainable food system for the entire nation.
PolicyCommunityFood educationUrban–rural linkageA REVIEW OF URBAN FARMING ACTIVITIES: TAXONOMY, CHALLENGES, RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
2019Siti Aisyah Salim, Zawiyah Mohammad Yusof, Laili Farhana Md Ibharim, Siti Hajar Salim · Journal of Building Performance · Southeast Asia
This structured literature review examines urban farming activities, technology applications, and smallholder farming in Southeast Asia, where urban farming is limited and dispersed. The study selected 88 articles from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus to provide a taxonomy and future research directions. It identifies the benefits, challenges, and recommendations for improving the acceptance and use of urban farming applications in the region.
Urban–rural linkageDigital agricultureEconomicsPolicyIndia's peri-urban frontier: rural-urban transformations and food security
2018Vij S., Narain V., Karpouzoglou T., Mishra P. · IIED Working Paper, International Institute for Environment and Development · India
This paper examines rural-urban transformations in India's neglected peri-urban areas in relation to food production, access, consumption, and nutritional quality, arguing peri-urban agriculture could be a major contributor to pro-poor food security and poverty alleviation.
WelfarePolicyEconomics서울시 옥상텃밭 운영 현황에 관한 조사
2018박상희, 우은희, 황경미, 제의숙 · 인간식물환경학회 학술대회 · South Korea (Seoul)
This study investigated the current operational status of rooftop gardens in Seoul, South Korea. It aimed to present the situation of rooftop gardens across the 25 districts of Seoul, as the city expands various urban agriculture projects.
CommunityPolicyFood educationAnalysis of Urban Agricultural Effects by Factors According to the Urban Citizens Income Level: Socially Sustainable Effect, Negative Effect, and Economically Sustainable Effect
2018In-Kyoung Hong, Young Chae, Yoonah Jang, Sangmi Lee, Jung Nam Su · Journal of people, plants, and environment · South Korea
A study in South Korea surveyed 115 urban citizens to analyze urban agriculture's effects based on income level, identifying socially sustainable, negative, and economically sustainable factors. Findings showed psychological stability, connection with nature, and local agricultural vitalization correlated significantly with income level. However, the negative effect of urban agriculture showed no significant correlation with income level.
Limited or null effectEconomicsCommunityPolicy지속가능한 공동주택단지 커뮤니티 가든 조성 및 운영방안 연구
2018Jooseok 오주석Oh, Byunghak 민병학Min, Jungmin 최정민Choi, Seiyong 김세용Kim · 대한건축학회논문집 계획계 · South Korea
This study compared community gardener participation in general and public lease apartment complexes in South Korea, using interviews and statistical research with 319 participants. Results showed statistically significant differences in satisfaction and continuous participation between the two apartment types. Overall, female participation, public assistance, plot area, and exchange effectiveness were found to enhance continuous participation in community gardens.
CommunityPolicyEconomics생태, 경관, 참여 측면의 도시농업 활성화 방안 모색 - 인구집단 특성과 개인의 주관적 인식 분석을 중심으로 -
2018장인수, 서동주, 김홍석 · 지역연구 · South Korea
This study in South Korea explored ways to revitalize urban agriculture based on empirical analysis of experience and subjective perceptions, defining its main functions as enhancing ecological, landscape, and participation values. Survey results showed that exposure to urban agriculture information was higher in large cities, and participation experience was higher with larger residential spaces. While positive responses were high for urban agriculture's functions, negative responses were high regarding perceptions of the surrounding residential environment.
Limited or null effectCommunityPolicyBiodiversityFood educationA Study on the Curriculum for Urban Agricultural Expert Training in the Direction of Urban Agriculture Development
2018김정식, 한미영 · Global Creative Leader Education & Learning · South Korea
This study aims to examine whether the current urban agriculture expert training curriculum, implemented nationwide in South Korea, is appropriate for training actual urban agriculture experts in light of urban agriculture development directions. The South Korean government has established an urban agriculture manager qualification system to provide explanations, education, guidance, and technology dissemination related to urban agriculture to enhance urban citizens' understanding.
PolicyFood educationPemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Urban Farming Organik di Kabupaten Bekasi Sebagai Program CSR PT. Pertamina EP Tambun Field
2018Adi Firmansyah · · Indonesia (Bekasi)
A qualitative descriptive study in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia, investigated the impact of an organic urban farming program initiated by PT. Pertamina EP Tambun Field on agricultural behavior and institutionalization. The program led to changes in farming techniques from conventional to organic, and shifts in actor interactions, rules, values, norms, and resource management. These changes fostered institutionalization, strengthening the social, economic, and ecological benefits of organic farming.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceOrganic cycleEconomicsPolicyA Study on the Desirable Direction for Korean Community Gardens - Using Case Studies in Japan and Questionnaire Survey of Korean Experts -
2018Jung‐Min Choi, Yuna Kim, Dong‐Chan Park · Residential Environment Institute Of Korea · South Korea
This study explored the concept and desirable direction for Korean community gardens through Japanese case studies, semantic network analysis, field investigations, and an expert questionnaire survey. Semantic network analysis revealed that urban agriculture keywords focused on cultivation and economic effects, while community garden keywords centered on residents, exchanges, and community formation, suggesting a need for clear definitions. The study proposed a broad definition of Korean community gardens as vegetable gardening, categorizing them into four types: neighborhood, unused land utilization, housing complex, and foothold connection. A narrow definition, centered on horticulture, introduced the 'Nuri garden' with four sub-types: Nuri Participation, Nuri Sharing, Nuri Sympathy, and Nuri Loan garden. Expert surveys indicated a preference for joint cultivation types within residential areas, within walking distance, and with open designs.
CommunityPolicy4. Collaborative Urban Farming Networks in Bangkok. Promoting Collective Gardens and Alternative Markets as Theatres of Social Action
2018Piyapong Boossabong · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · Thailand (Bangkok)
In Bangkok, most vegetables consumed in the city are transported from remote rural areas and contaminated with chemicals. Governmental policies have failed to control chemical use, while monopolistic food corporations constrain the sustainability of local food systems. This chapter highlights the collaboration of urban farming networks in Bangkok that aim to produce alternative food sources and create alternative markets, arguing that these networks can construct alternative urban spaces for social action.
Governance failureCommunityPolicyFood sovereignty & justiceEconomicsKAJIAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI KOTA SEMARANG
2018Wiwandari Handayani, Prihadi Nugroho, Dini Oktaviani Hapsari · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Indonesia (Semarang)
This study used descriptive and spatial analyses with secondary and primary data to assess the potential and co-benefits of urban farming in Semarang City, Indonesia. It identified two types of urban farming: conventional approaches in the city outskirts and hydroponic or limited-space methods in the city center. The study found various potentials, including vegetables, cassava, sugarcane, durian, and mushrooms, and noted co-benefits across environmental, economic, social, health, education, and tourism aspects.
PolicyFood sovereignty & justicePeri-urban agricultureDigital agricultureAgricultural Land Conversion, Land Economic Value, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia
2018Mohammad Rondhi, Pravitasari Anjar Pratiwi, Vivi Trisna Handini, Aryo Fajar Sunartomo, Subhan Arif Budiman · Land · Indonesia (East Java)
This paper investigated the inter-relationship between land economic value and agricultural land conversion (ALC) in East Java, Indonesia. It calculated the land economic value for agricultural and non-agricultural (housing) uses in two areas: a peri-urban agricultural area facing rapid urbanization and a rural agricultural area with zero ALC. Results showed that agricultural land yielded a higher economic benefit in rural areas, whereas in urban areas, housing yielded a value seven times higher than agricultural land.
Economic viabilityPeri-urban agricultureEconomicsUrban–rural linkagePolicyPENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI KAWASAN SUNGAI PALU
2018Wildani Pingkan S. Hamzens, Meidy Widayanto Moestopo · Jurnal Pengembangan Kota · Indonesia (Palu)
This survey identified necessary efforts for developing urban agriculture potential in the Palu River area, Palu City, Indonesia, a location considered suitable for urban agriculture due to the city's green city aspirations and potential population increase from a Special Economic Zone. Based on observational data and descriptive analysis, the study found that efforts should include land consolidation, activity type determination, recruitment and human resource development, infrastructure and facility preparation, and sustainable management.
CommunityPolicyEconomicsUrban–rural linkagePARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU SEBAGAI PERTANIAN URBAN, MAKASSAR, INDONESIA (Studi kasus Kelurahan Bongaya, Kecamatan Tamalate)
2018Nurlina Subair, Risma Haris · Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNP2M) · Indonesia (Makassar)
This qualitative descriptive study in Bongaya Village, Makassar, Indonesia, examined community participation in the "Garden Lorong" program, which integrates green open space management with urban agriculture. The research found that the community actively participates in organizing and maintaining green open spaces in alleys, demonstrating enthusiastic engagement in cleaning and greening efforts. This active role extends to spatial planning and controlling space utilization.
CommunityPolicyA Study on the Development Strategies of Smart City Infrastructure Considering Residents’ Demands and the Concept of Urban Regeneration - Focused on the Area of Gamcheon2-Dong, Busan -
2018B. Lee, Seong-Woo Nam, Young-Hyeon Kim · Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea Urban Design · South Korea
This study aimed to establish concepts for introducing smart city facilities in existing urban areas and systematic maintenance plans for smartifying existing urban facilities in Gamcheon2-Dong, Busan, South Korea. Based on field surveys and resident demand surveys, it proposed smartification and networking of facilities connecting public spaces, and smartification of public/welfare facilities and resident-led projects like urban agriculture to enhance efficiency and promote profitable ventures. Legal improvements were also suggested, including exceptions to area regulations and modularization of smart city facilities, to facilitate their integration with urban regeneration projects.
CommunityDigital agriculturePolicyUrban Regeneration : Shifting from Production of Space to Community Empowerment - Case Study of Knowledge and Innovation Community Garden in Shanghai
2018Huahua Zou, Hai Long Yu · Rikkyo University academic repository (Rikko Roots) (Rikkyo University) · China (Shanghai)
The Knowledge and Innovation Community Garden in Shanghai illustrates the shift in urban regeneration from capital-driven space production to community empowerment. By offering natural education and gardening methods to children, this garden brings urban people back to a walking-friendly world, creates a user-centric space, reinstates residents' power to shape and improve their living space, and rebuilds bonds among community members.
CommunityFood educationPolicyA Sustainable Operation Plan for School Gardens - Based on a Survey of Elementary School Gardens in Seoul
2018I-Jin Choi, J.J. Lee, Sang Tae Cho, Yoon Ah Jang, Joo Nyung Heo · Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture · South Korea (Seoul)
This study surveyed 599 elementary schools in Seoul, South Korea, finding that 161 schools operated school gardens with a total area of 65,493m2, averaging 363m2 per school. The primary difficulty in operating these gardens was management (34.2%), and the most needed elements for sustainable operation were physical environment improvement and hiring paid garden staff (each 32%). The main purpose of school gardening was creating educational environments (81.6%), and all schools reported positive educational impacts.
Food educationCommunityPolicyPlan of Sapti Community Garden-Park by Design Charrette
2018Kyoungjin Lee, Junghan Sung · Journal of East Asian Landscape Studies · South Korea
In 2018, Yesan-gun implemented a "Village Community Garden Project" at Sapti Park, Yesan-eup, using a design charrette method. This study describes the design process, from planning to construction, demonstrating how residents' opinions were incorporated into the design drawings for the community garden. The project aimed to advance user-participation design methods and examine the role of storytelling in transforming community garden plans.
CommunityPolicyINTEGRASI SISTEM DIGITALISASI DAN ANALYSIS LAPANGAN DALAM PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH: EVALUASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN MILIK SWASTA
2018Melinda R.S. Moata, Oskar Kollo, Yofris Puay, Yos Rhuma, Charles Tlonaen, Zakharias Duka · PARTNER · Indonesia (Kupang)
This survey evaluated 10,078 hectares of unmanaged land in Lasiana, Kupang city, Indonesia, to assess its capability for urban agriculture. The study found that two land units were classified as Class III land capability due to limiting factors such as soil depth, erosion level, soil fertility, drainage, and stoniness. Recommendations for land management included increasing soil depth and applying urban forest or urban farming development with multifunctional land uses.
Limited or null effectPolicyOrganic cycleClimate changeGoverning urban gardens for resilient cities: Examining the ‘Garden City Initiative’ in Taipei
2018Jeffrey Hou · Urban Studies · Taiwan (Taipei)
This study examined the ongoing outcomes of Taipei's 'Garden City Initiative' amidst rising concerns for food security and climate adaptation. Based on interviews and participant observations during the initial period of advocacy, planning, and implementation between 2014 and 2017, it suggested that policy formation and implementation may require opportunistic actions involving a variety of actors. The case of Taipei indicates the need for strategic adaptation of the existing bureaucratic structure, while mobilizing its strengths and resources.
PolicyCommunityClimate change도시농업 발전방향에 따른 도시농업전문가양성 교육과정 연구
2018김정식, 한미영 · · South Korea
This study examined the suitability of urban agriculture expert training programs in South Korea, surveying students in Daejeon in 2018. Over 60% of students viewed experts as knowledge transmitters, with most motivated by qualification acquisition. While major city programs focused on basic cultivation, the study concluded that current curricula are insufficient for future urban agriculture trends. It recommended adding programs on urban community understanding, industrialization, cooperative agriculture, and farm management.
Governance failureFood educationPolicyCommunityDigital agriculture국내 커뮤니티가든의 방향성 설정에 관한 연구
2018Jung-Min 최정민Choi, Yu-Na 김유나Kim, Dong-Chan 박동찬Park · 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) · South Korea
This study explores the concept and direction for Korean community gardens, distinguishing them from urban agriculture based on semantic network analysis. Urban agriculture keywords relate to cultivation and economic effects, while community garden keywords involve residents, exchanges, and community formation. The paper proposes a definition and classification of Korean community garden types from broad (four types) and narrow (horticulture-centered 'Nuri garden' with four sub-types) perspectives. An expert survey indicated a preference for joint cultivation types within residential areas, walking distance, and open designs.
CommunityPolicyEconomicsMANAJEMEN PROGRAM SCHOOL GARDEN GUNA MEWUJUDKAN SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA
2018Rakhmawati Indriani · JMSP (Jurnal Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan) · Indonesia (Malang)
This qualitative case study at SMAN 7 Malang, Indonesia, described the management of its School Garden program, including its background, planning, implementation, evaluation, and supporting factors, as part of the Adiwiyata program. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The study found that the program's success was evident in the school's achievements post-Adiwiyata implementation, and its execution and management were strongly influenced by the support and participation of all school members.
Food educationCommunityPolicyEffects of urban expansion on suburban farmers' livelihood in Vietnam: A comparative analysis of Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi
2017Vu M.H., Kawashima H. · Habitat International · Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City)
A comparative study of suburban districts in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City finds mixed livelihood outcomes following agricultural land acquisition for urbanization, with early non-farm diversification aiding adaptation in Hanoi but elderly and low-education farmers facing unemployment and insecurity.
EconomicsPolicy