Research & reports

Abdul Muis Muhammad, Dompak Napitupulu, Suandi Suandi · Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan · Indonesia (Jambi)

This study analyzed the decrease in food land and its relationship with the foodstuffs balance and expected food pattern in Jambi City, Indonesia, during 2001-2020. Jambi City's food land decreased by 24.77 percent per year, totaling -19018 hectares or 96.01 percent. The correlation between food land and foodstuffs balance was 0.416 kg/cap/year for every 1 ha, and the correlation between foodstuffs balance and expected food pattern was 0.125 per 1 kcal/cap/day for Energy Adequacy Number and 0.361 per 1 g/cap/day for Protein Adequacy Rate.

Adam Abraham · Jurnal Riset Daerah · Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the impacts of land use change experienced by urban farmers in Kapanewon Kasihan, Indonesia. Using a deductive-qualitative approach, it was analyzed that urban development has both positive and negative impacts on farmers. The most significant negative impacts included pollution, decreased productivity, and the squeezing of urban agricultural land, which could lead to long-term environmental quality degradation and further spread of land use change.

Alesandros Glaros, Geoff Luehr, Zhenzhong Si, Steffanie Scott · Land · China

An exploratory study investigated the manifestation of urban agriculture within the context of Ecological Civilization (EC) in four Chinese cities, through four months of on-site interviews and surveys with urban agriculture practitioners. The study found that capital-intensive and peri-urban approaches to urban agriculture are favored under EC, while small-scale intra-urban initiatives are actively discouraged in policy and risk overlooking grassroots efforts and local residents' needs.

Xunyu Zhang, Dongxu Pan, Ka Po Wong, Yuanzhi Zhang · Urban Science · China (Shenzhen)

This paper clarifies the governance structure and operation mechanism of Shenzhen's "We Garden" community garden program, introduced in 2020 to transform idle public lands into green spaces. Fieldwork, including direct observation and interviews, revealed that this experiment is driven by urban environmental public governance rather than individual needs. The "We Garden" approach represents a new top-down governance structure, emphasizing the key role of nonprofit organizations in promoting sustainable public participation in urban environmental protection.

Udit Debangshi, Pritam Ghosh, Himanshu Tiwari, Durgesh Kumar Maurya, M. Kumar · International Journal of Environment and Climate Change · India

India's urban population is projected to double by 2050, facing significant threats from climate change impacts such as increased rainfall intensity and temperature fluctuations. This paper discusses mitigation and adaptation strategies like climate-resilient agriculture and rooftop farming, emphasizing urban planning's potential role in developing and implementing adaptive responses.

Yumin Park, Yong-Wook Shin · Journal of people, plants, and environment · South Korea

This study analyzed trends of balcony vegetable gardens in Korea from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, using 5,011 posts from Naver blogs and cafes. Before COVID-19, balcony vegetable gardening gained attention as urban agriculture participation, but after the outbreak, it became an activity for healing, emotional support, environmental campaigns, and healthy hobbies. The findings suggest that balcony gardening activities provide a healing effect.

Kinanti Safirtri, Oekan S. Abdoellah, Budhi Gunawan, Yusep Suparman, Parikesit Parikesit · The Qualitative Report · Indonesia

A qualitative study with 27 export-scale urban farmers in Bandung Metropolitan investigated market pressures to meet international food standards. While intended to encourage environmentally friendly practices, farmers interpreted the implementation of international food standards as an administrative formality for export requirements, rather than a critical reflection on environmental problems from intensive agricultural practices. Consequently, market pressure from international food standards was found to be paradoxical and ineffective in fostering farmers' environmental responsibility.

Faiz Albar Nasution, Yofiendi Indah Indainanto, Andry Anshari, Muhammad Imanuddin Kandias Saraan, Piki Darma Kristian Pardede, Imam Fahreza · Journal of Peasants’ Rights · Indonesia

This qualitative descriptive study, using a literature review approach, examines how Medan City's agricultural policies can enhance food independence and improve the economy. The findings indicate that urban agriculture plays a significant role in community empowerment through food self-sufficiency and can create new work opportunities. Increased cooperation between local governments and the community, supported by policy protection and aid for plant management and marketing, is critical for its success.

Puti Praharypha Rizkhy, Ida Widianingsih, Ramadhan Pancasialwan · JANE - Jurnal Administrasi Negara · Indonesia (Bandung)

This article describes how Bandung City, Indonesia, adapted to food security challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic through its "Buruan Sae" Urban Agriculture program, implemented since 2014. The program, active in nearly 151 urban villages, aims to increase public awareness for self-provision of food and has contributed to the city not experiencing food availability problems since the pandemic began.

Annisa Nurulita Hasani, Muhammad Hasan, Citra Ayni Kamaruddin, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Nurjannah Nurjannah · Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian · Indonesia (Makassar)

This qualitative descriptive study, using observation and interviews with purposive sampling, analyzed the development of urban agriculture potential and innovations managed by KWT Anggrek in Makassar City, Indonesia. The research aimed to identify potential developments and applicable innovations, finding that active roles from the community, government, and agricultural extension workers are needed. Key indicators included resource effectiveness, sustainability, ICT utilization, agricultural environmental potential, existing innovations, and development constraints.

Farhan Fauzan, Ernady Syaodih · Jurnal Riset Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota · Indonesia (Bandung)

This study in Sukajadi District, Bandung City, Indonesia, identified the extent of smart environment implementation based on 14 indicators, including urban farming, using qualitative and quantitative methods with SWOT analysis. Data were collected through observations and interviews with stakeholders. The research aimed to identify implementation extent, related problems, and applicable strategies for smart environment development in the district.

Parman Sukarno, Rio Guntur Utomo, Rahmat Yasirandi, Novian Anggis Suwastika · JURNAL INFOTEL · Indonesia

This study evaluated a customer satisfaction model for "e-Buruan Sae," a Web 2.0-based application used by the government of Bandung City, Indonesia, to manage urban farming activities. Using a quantitative correlational approach based on Design Research Methodology, it measured satisfaction across six variables: ease of use, service quality, interactivity, trust, customer satisfaction, and IT development. Empirical testing showed that the ease-of-use and IT-development variables did not affect customer satisfaction, while the remaining variables (service quality, interactivity, and trust) had a positive effect on it.

Hetty Maria, Luthfi Fattah, Yusuf Azis · European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences · Indonesia

This qualitative study aimed to determine the level of community participation in urban agricultural development in Banjarbaru City, Indonesia, and the factors influencing it, using purposively selected locations and proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed using a scoring method and logistic regression to assess the effect of independent variables on participation. Results showed most participants had a high level of education and most had incomes above 3 million to 5 million rupiah, and that a two-way method was used in implementing urban agriculture. Overall community participation was high; the decision-making, implementation, and evaluation stages were high, while the enjoyment stage was low. Age, education level, income level, and access and control were not significantly related to participation level, but the group leader's leadership style and the influence of driving factors were significantly related to it.

Silvia Silvia, Fermanto Lianto · Jurnal Sains Teknologi Urban Perancangan Arsitektur (Stupa) · Indonesia

This study proposes a redesign of the aging Kebon Kacang public housing complex in Indonesia based on a self-sufficient design concept developed during the Covid-19 pandemic, using descriptive-analytical research, literature study, and case study methods. The redesign incorporates rainwater harvesting, food production, green roof, and green balcony elements aimed at making the building and its occupants mutually productive, and presents a mixed program including residential and commercial functions such as food markets, food courts, cafes, and kiosks, alongside children's education facilities, hydroponics, gyms, and playgrounds.

Yuliana Maria Mediatrix, Pius Sugeng Prasetyo · KnE Social Sciences · Indonesia (Bandung)

As part of Indonesian government food policy innovation, qualitative research combining a literature review and in-depth interviews examined Bandung's 'Buruan Sae' urban farming program, which originated in the city and spread to other sub-districts and kelurahan. Carried out mainly by community groups adapted to local cultural conditions, the program is described as a movement to supplement city food that provides economic, social, health, environmental, and educational benefits, leading to the conclusion that this kind of food policy innovation can encourage production to meet food needs and promote the sustainability of urban food systems.

Mochamad Arief Soleh, Cucu Suherman, Warid Ali Qasim · LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat · Indonesia (Bandung)

This study evaluates Bandung City's flagship "Buruan Sae" program through a direct field survey of residents in Pasirwangi, Ujung Berung, Indonesia, and delivers accompanying urban-farming training in microgreen vegetable cultivation. The survey found that 90% of respondents were aware of the program and 75% actively participated in planting, while 41% did not feel supported by government facilities and 74% wanted training as a form of support; before training, 84% of respondents did not know microgreen cultivation techniques or benefits, and after training 43% understood their health purpose.

Tony Robinson, Minsun Ji · Sustainable development goals series · South Korea

Between 2003 and 2005, Seoul removed its largest downtown expressway and restored the buried Cheonggyecheon stream, examined here as a case study within Seoul's "green growth" regime. Alongside other interventions — destruction of urban highways, expansion of urban forests, rooftop gardens, urban farming, and bike lanes — the city achieved a decoupling of urban growth from greenhouse gas emissions, continuing to grow while both toxic effluents and greenhouse gas emissions substantially declined.

Selly Oktarina, Sumardjo Sumardjo, Ninuk Purnaningsih, Dwi Retno Hapsari · Nyimak Journal of Communication · Indonesia

An explanatory survey study analyzed participatory communication among women farmers in the urban farming program in Bogor City and Bogor Regency, Indonesia, and the factors affecting it. Using a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data, data were collected from 231 women farmer respondents via cluster sampling across urban, semi-urban and rural clusters, and analyzed using scoring, difference tests, and structural equation modelling (SEM). Results show that the level of participatory communication in the urban farming program was medium, as measured by dialogue atmosphere, dialogue participation, and degree of convergence. Factors significantly influencing participatory communication were respondent characteristics, champion/facilitator competence, exposure to media communication, and institutional support.

Ferdi Gultom, Sugeng P. Harianto · Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi · Indonesia

Using dependency theory, this literature study analyzes the decline of the agricultural sector in urban Indonesia, arguing that the government's focus on industrial-sector development, mediated through a central state-satellite relationship, has drawn in the modern sector at agriculture's expense, manifested in widespread conversion of urban agricultural land. Drawing on news sources and journals and analyzing data with the Miles and Huberman model, the study finds that the urban agricultural sector is fading as farmland is increasingly converted to industry, infrastructure and settlements, and that farmer regeneration has declined due to reduced interest in becoming a farmer.

LENI MARIA TARIGAN, I MADE SUDARMA, I Nyoman Gede Ustriyana · Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata (Journal of Agribusiness and Agritourism) · Indonesia

A study of the agricultural sector's role, leading sectors and competitiveness in Tebing Tinggi City, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, over 2015–2019, using descriptive analysis, the Location Quotient (LQ) method and shift-share analysis, prompted by rapid conversion of agricultural land in the city. Results show agriculture is not the largest contributing sector, with food crops driving most of the sector's growth; the city has 12 leading and 5 non-leading sectors, with a projected future of 5 leading, 7 prospective, 5 lagging sectors and no mainstay sector. Wholesale/retail trade and vehicle repair, and health and social services, were the sectors with good competitiveness. The study recommends using household yards for community gardens, fish ponds and livestock, implementing a "Culinary Tourism City" concept, and strengthening support for lagging sectors to maintain food security.

M. Noor Salim, Edi Wibowo, Darwati Susilastuti, Tungga Buana Diana · International Journal of Science and Society · Indonesia

Based on a survey of 112 residents engaged in urban agriculture in Jakarta City, Indonesia, this study analyzed how economic, health, and environmental variables affect community expectations for participation in sustainable urban farming. All three variables, both individually and jointly, positively influenced participation expectations, with an adjusted R-squared of 0.704 — the study reports that 70.4% of variation in community participation expectations is explained by economic factors, with the remainder attributed to health and other environmental factors.

Zuxuan Song, Yang Ren · Land · China

Using data on agricultural carbon emissions and carbon sequestration in Guangzhou, China from 2002 to 2020, Granger causality analysis and a grey association model examined the interaction and evolution between urban agricultural multifunctionality and carbon effects. Over this period, urban agricultural production function declined in Guangzhou while economic and social functions increased, and ecological function rose before declining. Carbon sequestration was approximately four times carbon emissions. Carbon emissions went through a pattern of decreasing, then increasing, then remaining constant, then decreasing, while carbon sequestration first decreased and then increased. Carbon emissions showed a Granger causal relationship with production, social and ecological functions, and were a Granger cause of the economic function but not the reverse. Carbon sequestration showed a Granger causal relationship with production and economic functions and was a Granger cause of the ecological function but not the reverse; no Granger causal relationship was found between carbon sequestration and the social function.

Asep K. Supriatna · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Indonesia

This study examined strategies for implementing agricultural extension methods and materials suited to the "new normal era" during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. It used a mixed method combining descriptive-exploratory analysis with the Analytical Hierarchy Process, involving 37 participants in Serang Regency. The analysis found technical aspects to be the top priority criterion, with material indicators ranked as the top priority and extension method indicators second. For the on-farm segment, suitable materials included cultivation techniques for food crops, ornamental plants, fruit plants, biopharmaceuticals, post-harvest handling, fish and livestock rearing, and use of yards and rice fields, with a strategy of continuing face-to-face methods — lectures, discussions, practice, technical guidance, field schools, pilot plots and field trips — under health protocols, alongside distributing learning videos, e-modules and e-leaflets via social media or virtual learning. For the off-farm segment, suitable materials included online product marketing, information technology use, entrepreneurship, farm business analysis, marketing and partnership growth, group planning and health protocol materials, with a strategy centered on virtual extension methods, some combined with face-to-face approaches.

Dea Widyaningsih, Ait Maryani, Achmad Musyadar · Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian · Indonesia

A survey of 40 youth farmers aged 15-35 across three sub-districts of Tarogong Kidul, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia, examined preferences toward urban farming between April and June 2020. Using descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and Kendall's W concordance analysis, the study found that 65% of respondents favored urban farming, with location type and market orientation identified as the influencing factors.

Dan Li, Wenjing Zhong, Yitao Chen · Sustainability · China

Using household-level survey data from metropolitan Guangzhou, China, and a property-rights-theory framework, this study empirically examined whether farmland titling as a formal institutional reform affects the resource allocation of urban farmer households (UFHs). The analysis found that farmland titling positively affects UFHs' willingness to hold farmland and their capital allocation, and the paper argues that reforming the farmland transaction market, strengthening talent cultivation, and increasing green agricultural investment would support the modernization, sustainability and resilience of urban agriculture.