Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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Economic Analysis of Urban Farming and its Contribution to Community Income in Gondokusuman District
2025Alifia Nur’ Annisa, Reo Sambodo · JIGA Journal Innovation in Green Agriculture · Indonesia (Yogyakarta City)
A quantitative survey study in Gondokusuman District, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, conducted in 2025, analyzed the feasibility of urban farming and its contribution to household income using census sampling. The analysis, including R/C and B/C ratios, found that urban farming had an R/C ratio of 0.49 and a B/C ratio of -0.51. These results indicate that urban farming has not been effective in increasing household income, primarily serving as a supporting activity for household consumption, though it provides indirect benefits by fulfilling food needs and reducing expenditures.
Economic viabilityEconomicsCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceDISEMINASI VERTIKAL URBAN FARMING BERBASIS TENAGA SURYA DI DESA KUTAAMPEL KAB. KARAWANG
2025Rommy Andhika Laksono, Hayatul Rahmi, Abdul Yusuf, Anggun Pertiwi · Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Khatulistiwa · Indonesia
A community service initiative in Kutaampel Village, Karawang Regency, Indonesia, from January to December 2025, introduced a solar-powered vertical urban farming system to 30 participants. The program involved outreach, technical training on assembling the UNSIKA Solar-Powered Hydroponic and Aeroponic System (SHIATUN) and IoT sensors, field simulation, and three months of mentoring. Results showed 70% of participants could independently manage the system, with three groups replicating it, and increased youth interest in technology-based agriculture.
Food educationCommunityDigital agricultureClimate changeFamily Food Security through Urban Farming in Housing Complexes
2025Anita Kristina, Muhamad Abdul Jumali · Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Komunitas · Indonesia (Sidoarjo)
A community service program targeting residents of RT 13 in the Bumi Candi Asri housing complex in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, aims to improve family food security through urban farming. The program involves training and mentoring residents on utilizing limited land to grow vegetables and other productive plants. Its objectives are to increase access to healthy and nutritious food, strengthen family food self-sufficiency, and raise awareness of the importance of a sustainable lifestyle.
Food sovereignty & justiceFood educationCommunityHealthBridging the Urban-Rural Divide: How Urban Agriculture Enhances Food Security in High-Urbanized Regions in Guangdong, China
2025Liu Xinyun, Zhao Jianya, Zhang Yanglan, Wang Shu · Rural and regional development · China (Guangdong)
A study using 2017–2022 panel data in Guangdong Province, China, investigated urban agriculture's (UA) contribution to food self-sufficiency in highly urbanized regions. By categorizing cities by urbanization rate and analyzing spatial-temporal patterns in grain, vegetable, and fruit self-sufficiency, findings showed critically low grain self-sufficiency in high-degree urbanized cities. Despite incremental gains in UA productivity, urban yields for grains and vegetables lagged behind non-urban areas, indicating a limited contribution.
Limited or null effectFood sovereignty & justiceUrban–rural linkageClimate changeBuilding Environmental Literacy: A Green Literacy Bootcamp Model for an Eco-School within a Coastal Community
2025Rizki Nor Amelia, Sri Ngabekti, Putri Alifa Kholil, Abdul Jabbar, Prasetyo Listiaji · Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat · Indonesia
This community service project implemented a Green Literacy Bootcamp at SMP Negeri 25 Semarang, Indonesia, involving 45 students, to strengthen environmental literacy in a coastal eco-school. The program included intensive training, follow-up, and student-led projects on waste management, urban farming, and tidal flood mitigation. Evaluation using pre-post environmental literacy tests and a satisfaction survey showed substantial improvement in environmental literacy, particularly in environmental hope and cognitive skills, and high student satisfaction.
Food educationCommunityClimate changeSowing Seeds of Trust in Beijing and Rio de Janeiro
2025· The MIT Press eBooks · Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), China (Beijing)
This account describes the challenges in building support for Rio de Janeiro's Hortas Cariocas urban farming initiative in 2016. Negotiations among environmental protection officers, education officials, and school administrators generated "fiery discussions" regarding garden placement, teacher training, and incentives. The presence of a foreign professor was used to strengthen arguments for urban farming's benefits.
Governance failurePolicyCommunityFood educationIoT Prototype System Design for Monitoring Green Mustard Microgreen Cultivation at Sayur Mini Microgreen Jakarta
2025Dimas Gilang Rhomadhon, Yan Sofyan · Journal Technology Information and Data Analytic · Indonesia (Jakarta)
This study designed and evaluated an Internet of Things (IoT) prototype for monitoring green mustard microgreen cultivation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The system integrated various sensors for automated, real-time environmental monitoring. Implementation of the IoT system improved water-use efficiency by up to 35% and enhanced plant growth, achieving an average height of 7.2 cm with stronger root development compared to manual methods.
Digital agricultureUrban–rural linkageFood sovereignty & justiceTraining on Making Crackers From Manalagi Mango Pulp as Healthy Snacks for Students of SMA Muhammadiyah Kedawung
2025Tania Avianda Gusman, Putri Ramadhani, Sodikin Sodikin, Arif Nurudin · Society Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat · Indonesia
This community service activity in Indonesia aimed to train SMA Muhammadiyah Kedawung students to process Manalagi mango pulp from their school garden into healthy, economically valuable crackers. The activity involved observation, socialization, training, and evaluation. The resulting crackers possessed the distinctive taste and aroma of Manalagi mango, demonstrating nutritional and economic value.
Food educationCommunityEconomicsOptimization of Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) on Rooftop through the Application of PGPR and Mycorrhizae
2025Eko Muhammad Bayu, Nur Edy Suminarti, Adi Setiawan · International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology · Indonesia
This study in Indonesia investigated the interaction of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae to optimize melon growth and yield in rooftop farming. Using a split-plot design with varying concentrations of PGPR and mycorrhizae, researchers observed significant interactions on fresh root weight, total dry weight, and fruit weight. The combination of 15 ml/L PGPR and 10 g/plant mycorrhiza increased fruit weight by up to 67% compared to controls.
DIYClimate changeEconomicsPola Komunikasi Kelompok dalam Implementasi Program Urban Farming di Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru (Studi Kasus Kelompok Cempaka Berkah)
2025Muḥammad Iqbāl, Nurmelati Septiana, Ana Fitrotun Nisa · Frontier Agribisnis · Indonesia (Banjarbaru)
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from May to December 2024 on the Cempaka Berkah group in Cempaka District, Banjarbaru City, Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze communication practices and patterns in the implementation of an urban farming program. The results indicated that active participation by group members led to a generally well-functioning communication process, though it still faced some communication barriers. The dominant communication pattern used by the group was a wheel pattern, where one person served as the information hub.
Governance failureCommunityPolicyDigital agricultureKemas Ulang Informasi sebagai Strategi Literasi untuk Pemberdayaan Komunitas di Bidang Urban Farming
2025Ana Irhandayaningsih, Gani Nur Pramudyo, Puteri Inandin Nabiha, Beta Estri Adiana · Anuva Jurnal Kajian Budaya Perpustakaan dan Informasi · Indonesia (Semarang)
This research explains the process of information repackaging in urban farming practices in Bergas Kidul Village, Semarang Regency, Indonesia. It integrated Participatory Action Research (PAR) and community-based agroecology principles. Repackaging involved six iterative stages, including identifying technical knowledge sources, simplifying content, demplot trials, and producing contextual learning media such as posters, pocketbooks, and visual training.
Food educationCommunityUrban farming and the nexus of economic growth and environmental sustainability in coastal cities, Indonesia
2025Tri Astuti, Hasddin Hasddin, Asrul Asrul, J Jasman, Muh. Yani Balaka, Haydir Haydir, Alfian Ishak, Muhamad Idham Handa, Villa Evadelvia Ginal Sambari, Eva Safitri Maladeni · European Journal of Sustainable Development Research · Indonesia (Kendari City)
This study quantitatively investigated the contribution of urban farming to economic growth and environmental sustainability in Kendari City, Indonesia. Urban farming is the third-highest contributor to the city's gross domestic regional product, accounting for 10.66% of total economic output, yet the sector's overall growth fluctuates, and its direct economic impact is underreported. In terms of environmental performance, Kendari's energy consumption and CO₂ emissions exceeded Asian Green City Index thresholds, categorizing the city as "below average" in sustainability.
Environmental trade-offsEconomicsClimate changePolicyIncreasing the Capacity of KWT Barokah Through Agricultural Cultivation Innovation in Banjardowo Village, Semarang
2025Moh. Sholeh, Nanang Indardi, Khoirul Anwar, Vacktian Diva Gumala · Jurnal Abdimas · Indonesia (Semarang)
In Banjardowo Village, Semarang, urban farming-based cultivation innovations were implemented as an adaptation strategy to limited land and flood threats. This community service research aimed to increase the capacity of the Barokah Women Farmers Group (KWT) through six stages of activities, including urban farming installation and cultivation training. The activities resulted in increased knowledge and skills in horticultural cultivation among members and strengthened the group's social cohesion, proving effective in enhancing technical capacity, empowering women, and strengthening local food security.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceDIYWelfareWidespread practices and sustainability benefits of foraging in urban blue spaces of India
2025Sukanya Basu, Brenda Maria Zoderer, Harini Nagendra, Peter H. Verburg, Tobías Plieninger · Nature Cities · India
This study examined the extent and benefits of foraging in urban blue spaces across four major Indian cities through a survey of 1,200 users. It identified three forager groups—rare, occasional, and frequent—whose behaviors differed in frequency and practice. Women, the elderly, and marginalized communities most frequently collected, shared, cooked, and sold edibles. Frequent foragers emphasized benefits related to nutrition, income, culture, and social capital, while occasional foragers appreciated nature- and culture-related benefits, indicating urban blue spaces are vital for food access and resilience.
CommunityHealthEconomicsWelfareSOSIALISASI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN HIDROPONIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN PANGAN DI KOMUNITAS PERUMAHAN SUBSIDI
2025Nur Aini Alfiah, Dewi Fatmawaty Sabiku, Devina Cinantya Anindita, Dewi Puspa Arisandi, Anggita Rizky Fadilah, Ni Nengah Putri Adnyani, Ferril Muhammad Nur · Jurnal Abdi Insani · Indonesia
A community service program in Jember Regency, Indonesia, from November 2024 to January 2025, aimed to enhance food independence among housewives in subsidized housing through training and practice in simple wick hydroponics for bok choy. Most participants understood the material, successfully grew bok choy at home, and showed interest in other vegetables. The program increased awareness of self-sufficient vegetable cultivation for family food security, improving their ability to provide bok choy for household needs, though not achieving full food independence.
DIYCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceFood educationSustainable Entrepreneurship Emergence as Practice: A Multi-Level Pathway Model
2025Glenn Pardede, Rosdiana Sijabat, Rizaldi Parani, Jacob Donald Tan, Johana Ataupah, Agung Heru Yatmo, Sekar Dianwidi Bisowarno · F1000Research · Indonesia (Jakarta)
This study investigated the emergence pathways of Sustainable Entrepreneurship (SE) through a qualitative multiple-case analysis of hydroponic ventures in the urban agriculture sector of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Data were collected via in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, with thematic analysis conducted across individual, process, firm, and contextual environment levels. Findings revealed an alternative SE pathway, departing from intention-led models, where SE is triggered by personally meaningful concerns and evolves through organic growth, leading to the development of a multi-level pathway model illustrating two SE emergence pathways, whether intentional or reflexive.
EconomicsPolicyAnalisis silase limbah sayur Pasar Grosir Ngronggo terhadap kapasitas tampung ternak ruminansia di Kota Kediri
2025Brilian Desca Dianingtyas, Nurina Rahmawati · Agrivet Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian dan Peternakan (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veteriner) · Indonesia (Kediri City)
This research aims to determine the capacity of ruminant livestock to utilize processed vegetable waste from the Ngronggo Wholesale Market in Kediri City as silage. A qualitative descriptive design collected data on waste amount, livestock numbers, and capacity. The potential availability of vegetable waste silage in 2024 is estimated at 11,186.56 kg DM/year, 378.11 kg CP/year, and 8,423.48 kg TDN/year. This silage is concluded to be sufficient to supply over 50% of the total animal units in Kediri City.
Food lossOrganic cycleEconomicsIntegrating Community Empowerment and Environmental Sustainability Through CSR: A Case Study of PT Sarihusada in The Upper Sleman Watershed, Yogyakarta
2025Aditya Romadloni, Febriyanti Angelia Ginting, Trisno Fallo, Putri Ratna Setyowati · Applied Environmental Sustainability and Technology · Indonesia (Yogyakarta)
A descriptive qualitative analysis was conducted on PT Sarihusada Generasi Mahardika's (SGM) COMDEV and CSR program in Padukuhan Kaliurang Timur, Kalurahan Hargobinangun, Upper Sleman Watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The program implements CSR activities including water conservation through catchment infrastructure development, community-based integrated waste management, and urban farming for food security. Additionally, it supports women's economic empowerment through women farmers groups and enhances environmental education in elementary schools, demonstrating a holistic approach combining ecological, economic, and educational aspects.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceFood educationEconomicsPemetaan 3D Lahan Tidur Dalam Mewujudkan Green City Kecamatan Wua-Wua Kota Kendari
2025Sufrianto Sufrianto, Andi Makkawaru Isazarni Jassin, I Wayan Pugu · MEDIA KONSTRUKSI · Indonesia (Kendari)
This research aims to identify and map the distribution of idle land in Wua-Wua District, Kendari City, Indonesia, using 3D mapping technology. The district faces development pressure leading to reduced green open spaces, and the Green City concept proposes utilizing idle land. 3D modeling analyzed land characteristics, showing Bonggoeya and Anawai are potential for medium to large-scale horticulture, Wua-Wua has the largest idle land for green urban farming centers, and Mataiwoi is suitable for community-based micro urban farming.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceClimate changeSpider Webs as Biomonitoring Tool for Heavy Metal Pollution in Diverse Environments: A Study in Kochi City
2025M Mohan Joseph, Archana T. Anil · Environmental Quality Management · India (Kochi)
This study evaluated spider webs from Cyrtophora cicatrosa and Pholcus phalangioides as biomonitoring tools for heavy metal pollution in urban, industrial, and semi-urban/agricultural areas of Kochi city, India. Analysis of web samples revealed site-specific variations in Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn concentrations, with high levels of Zn found in Eloor (7558 ppm) and Kizhakkambalam (4947.50 ppm). Zn and Sn were the dominant accumulated metals, indicating significant heavy metal contamination in these environments.
Contamination & food safetyHealthUrban–rural linkageTransforming food systems in Semarang City, Indonesia: A short food supply chain model
2025Budi Widianarko, Inneke Hantoro, Novita Ika Putri, Probo Y. Nugrahedi · Open Agriculture · Indonesia (Semarang)
This study explored the potential of short food supply chains (SFSCs) in Semarang City, Indonesia, to create a healthier, more inclusive, and sustainable food system. Desk studies and focus group discussions revealed Semarang City's readiness for SFSCs, evidenced by an increase in farmer groups (371 in 2017 to 406 in 2021) and urban farming initiatives (8 in 2015 to 113 in 2021). Key commodities include vegetables, fruits, cereals, and tubers, with success factors identified as quality, consistency, market access, technology, government support, institutional strength, and consumer education.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsFood sovereignty & justicePolicyFrom concrete jungles to urban gardens: AI-powered solutions for sustainable food production in cities
2025Alexander Imanuel Widjanarko, Nathan Daud, Diva Kurnianingtyas · Journal of Biopesticides and Agriculture Technology. · Indonesia
This study developed Urfalogy, an AI-powered platform, to address urban farming challenges in Indonesia, including limited space, capital, and technology. Using Agile software development and the YOLOv8 deep learning algorithm, the platform achieved optimal performance metrics with a recall of 90.01% and mAP50 of 90.715% at epoch 100. Urfalogy successfully identified environmental components for spatial mapping and supports the complete urban farming workflow from planning to sales.
Digital agricultureEconomicsPolicyCommunityUrban farming and livelihood resilience in coastal cities: An economic and environmental accounting perspective from Kendari
2025Tri Astuti, Hasddin Hasddin, Marjani Marjani, M Murini, Muhammad Yusuf, Sabaruddin Sondeng, Safril Kasim, Osu Oheoputra Husen, Ulyasniati Ulyasniati, Musadia Afa · Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva · Indonesia (Kendari)
This study evaluated the dual role of urban farming in Kendari, a coastal city in Eastern Indonesia, from an economic and environmental accounting perspective. Data analysis revealed that the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector, which includes urban farming, contributes 10.66% to Kendari's Gross Domestic Regional Product, though urban farming's specific value is unrecorded. Kendari's per capita energy consumption (1,121 kWh/person) and annual CO2 emissions (316,560 tons) exceeded Asian Green City Index benchmarks, while air quality remained acceptable.
EconomicsClimate changeCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceEmpowering Students in Plantation-Based Entrepreneurship Education at Senior High School 1 Payaraman
2025Neta Dian Lestari, Reva Maria Valianti, Nur Ahyani, Anisah Anisah, Aan Nugraha, Violita Fadhilah · DIKDIMAS Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat · Indonesia
This Community Service project aimed to enhance entrepreneurial skills among students at SMAN 1 Payaraman, Indonesia, addressing the underutilization of the school garden and limited knowledge in product processing and marketing. The program, implemented through five stages including training and equipment provision, significantly improved students' practical skills and achieved high participant satisfaction. It also resulted in the successful acquisition of Intellectual Property Rights for developed products, transforming the school community's ability to produce high-economic-value goods.
Food educationEconomicsCommunityUrban Gardening Practices in Korean Apartment Complexes - An Analysis of Private Ground-Floor Gardens in the Olympic Athletes’ and Journalists’ Village -
2025Park Jihee, Sung Jong-Sang · Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture · South Korea (Seoul)
In Seoul, South Korea, a study investigated the patterns and cultural-spatial meanings of garden cultivation in ground-floor private gardens of the Olympic Athletes’ Village Apartment. Using on-site observation, exploratory factor analysis, and K-means cluster analysis, the research found that garden cultivation was influenced by five factors: ‘Participatory’, ‘Practicality’, ‘Shielding’, ‘Naturalness’, and ‘Maintenance’. These factors led to four distinct garden typologies: ‘Screened Neglected Garden’, ‘Environmentally Responsive Garden’, ‘Experiential Leisure Garden’, and ‘Practical Productive Garden’, demonstrating that private garden cultivation in apartment living reestablishes a personal domain and expresses individuality.
DIYCommunity