Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
Theme
Critical findings
28 results(1 / 2)
The Green Startup Revolution: A Secondary Analysis of Microgreen Entrepreneurship as a Sustainable Opportunity for Indian Youth in 2026
2026Alphina jose · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · India
This study examines the burgeoning microgreen industry in India, synthesizing secondary data from 2023-2026 to evaluate the shift from traditional farming to "Zero-Acre" urban agriculture. It explores how Indian startups can leverage global concepts like Subscription-Based CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) and AI-monitored Hydroponics to overcome local shelf-life challenges. The paper points out that the largely untapped Indian microgreens sector presents a unique "Blue Ocean" opportunity for young entrepreneurs.
EconomicsCSA & TeikeiUrban–rural linkageEcosystem architecture of social enterprises in the agricultural sector in West Java
2026Yusuf Iskandar, Andri Ardhiyansyah, Farhan Fadil Ghifari · Discover Sustainability · Indonesia
This study examined the ecosystem architecture of agricultural social enterprises in West Java, Indonesia, using the five-stage ecosystem architecture model. A qualitative case study design with semi-structured interviews with 12 informants from smallholder farmers, social enterprises, academia, and provincial government was used. Results showed two coexisting distribution pathways: a traditional market channel and three social enterprise pathways (Daun Desa, Seni Tani, and Kebun Belakang) that shorten distribution through urban retail, CSA, and eco-farming community markets.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsCommunityUrban–rural linkageImplementasi Teknik Pengambilan Gambar oleh Director of Photography pada Pembuatan Video Feature “Menyemai Harapan, Memanen Kebersamaan”
2025Fatah ‘Izzani Salim, Trie Damayanti, Nurmaya Prahatmaja · SAFARI Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia · Indonesia (Bandung City)
This final project report describes the production of the feature video "Menyemai Harapan, Memanen Kebersamaan," motivated by the urgency of food security in Bandung City's urbanization and the need to highlight community-based sustainable local alternative agriculture systems. The primary objective is to explain the implementation of image-taking techniques, including shot types, camera angles, camera movements, and framing, executed by the Director of Photography (DoP) during the video production presenting the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) model at Seni Tani. The report concludes that the DoP's mastery of filming techniques plays a crucial role in raising public awareness about community-based sustainable local alternative agriculture systems.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceUrban–rural linkageTransforming food systems in Semarang City, Indonesia: A short food supply chain model
2025Budi Widianarko, Inneke Hantoro, Novita Ika Putri, Probo Y. Nugrahedi · Open Agriculture · Indonesia (Semarang)
This study explored the potential of short food supply chains (SFSCs) in Semarang City, Indonesia, to create a healthier, more inclusive, and sustainable food system. Desk studies and focus group discussions revealed Semarang City's readiness for SFSCs, evidenced by an increase in farmer groups (371 in 2017 to 406 in 2021) and urban farming initiatives (8 in 2015 to 113 in 2021). Key commodities include vegetables, fruits, cereals, and tubers, with success factors identified as quality, consistency, market access, technology, government support, institutional strength, and consumer education.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsFood sovereignty & justicePolicyE-WOM In Urban Community Support Ariculture: Impact Of Customer Experience, Knowledge, And Involvement
2025Hesty Nurul Utami, Resti Arini, Tomy Perdana, Sulistyodewi Nur Wiyono, Dini Turipanam Alamanda, Dinar Mariam Kurniati · Agrisocionomics Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian · Indonesia (Bandung)
This quantitative study, using SEM-PLS with 60 respondents from an urban Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in Bandung City, Indonesia, investigated the effect of customer experience, product knowledge, and customer involvement on electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) for organic vegetables. The results indicate that customer experience, product knowledge, and customer involvement significantly influence E-WOM. The findings offer implications for marketing organic products in online communities to enhance consumer trust and promote CSA sustainability.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityEconomicsDigital agricultureInvestigating consumers’ experiences with community supported agriculture: Convergent parallel design methods
2024Yuanyuan Huang, Yuhan Wang, Y. Pan · PLoS ONE · China
This study investigated the experiences of current Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) members in China, focusing on factors influencing their retention intentions. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, it analyzed quantitative data on retention factors and qualitative data from member interviews. Findings indicate that convenience, product quality, and positive interactions are pivotal factors contributing to members' intentions to continue their CSA memberships.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityEconomicsBeyond Fields and Families: Unraveling Socio-demographic Threads in CSA Engagement of Indonesian Market
2024Maula Fadhilata Rahmatika, Agus Suman, Wildan Syafitri, Sri Muljaningsih · Journal of Ecohumanism · Indonesia
This study examined socio-demographic factors influencing Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) participation among 385 Indonesian non-participants. Findings reveal that urban residents and larger households are more likely to join CSA due to better information access and convenience. Income showed a near-significant impact, while education showed no effect, highlighting awareness gaps.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityEconomicsPolicyPengaruh Green Marketing terhadap Purchase Intention melalui Brand Image bagi Konsumen Produk Sayur Organik (Studi Kasus CSA Seni Tani di Arcamanik, Kota Bandung)
2024Ghulam Fathir Authar Insaniy, Lastini Lastini, Sofiatin Sofiatin · Jurnal Agristan · Indonesia (Bandung)
This study investigated the influence of green marketing on purchase intention through brand image among 34 consumers of CSA Seni Tani's organic vegetable products in Arcamanik, Bandung City, from September to November 2023. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling showed that while the influence of green marketing on purchase intention through brand image was positive, it was not statistically significant, indicating that brand image was not effective as a mediator between the two variables.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsOrganic cycleUnderstanding factors affecting non-participants’ interest in community-supported agriculture
2024Maula Fadhilata Rahmatika, Agus Suman, Wildan Syafitri, Sri Muljaningsih · Regional Sustainability · Indonesia
This study examined potential customers' interest in Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) in Indonesia using the UTAUT2 model, surveying 1200 respondents. The model explained 44.4% of customer intentions, identifying performance expectancy (0.292) as the decisive factor. Hedonic motivation (0.262), social influence (0.259), and facilitating conditions (0.086) also positively influenced interest in CSA participation.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsPolicyCommunityPredictive Analysis of Customer Churn in Community-Supported Agriculture Based on RFM Modeling
2023Xiaoying Yan, Mei Yin, Renren Li · Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences/Atlantis highlights in computer sciences · China
High customer turnover is a significant challenge in China's Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) industry. This study utilized RFM models (Recency, Frequency, and Monetary) and algorithms to regularly rank and classify the consumption ability of CSA customers. This was achieved by analyzing their recent purchase time, number of times of consumption, and consumption data.
Economic viabilityCSA & TeikeiEconomicsDigital agricultureCommunity Supported Agriculture in the Pearl River Delta
2023Ziyi Liu, Nicola Dempsey, Eckart Lange · The urban book series · China (Pearl River Delta)
This chapter investigates Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in the Pearl River Delta, China, aiming to understand its role in the local food system and in reducing food safety concerns. It notes a limited understanding of barriers to promoting and developing CSA, and little published evidence on public attitudes or their influence on CSA demand and development in the region. The study identifies current socio-economic and environmental catalysts and barriers for CSA farming.
Economic viabilityCSA & TeikeiEconomicsFood sovereignty & justicePolicyConvivial Agriculture: Evolving Food and Farming Activism in South China
2021Daren Shi-chi Leung · China Perspectives · China (Guangzhou)
The Chinese community-supported agriculture (CSA) movement advocates for peasant farming and food sovereignty, promoting "ethical" food often through intermediary certification. However, controversy exists among CSA activists who question the effectiveness of certification in improving consumer-producer relationships. This paper presents an alternative approach focusing on strengthening participatory culture within the consumer-producer nexus, based on an empirical study of Chengxianghui (CXH) in Guangzhou and outlining a "convivial agriculture" framework.
Governance failureCSA & TeikeiFood sovereignty & justiceCommunityPolicyFarm Type and High Tunnel Management: Connections between Farm Characteristics and High Tunnel Outcomes in Indiana
2021Analena Bruce, Elizabeth Maynard, Julia Valliant, James Farmer · HortTechnology · United States (Indiana)
An analysis of survey and interview data examined how farm characteristics affect the outcomes of growing specialty crops in high tunnels in Indiana. Three farm types (alternative food and agriculture enterprises, mixed enterprise, and side enterprise) adopted distinct approaches to high tunnel integration and management. Alternative food and agriculture enterprise farmers, who made high tunnels central to their business, showed higher capacity use and greater financial return compared to mixed and side enterprise farmers who invested less time and labor.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsUrban–rural linkageA Potential Sustainable Pathway for Community-Supported Agriculture in Taiwan: The Consumer Perspective in a Farmers’ Market
2020Punnaros Pisarn, Man‐Keun Kim, Shang‐Ho Yang · Sustainability · Taiwan
This pilot study investigated consumers' willingness to participate in a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program at a farmers' market in Taiwan. Analyzing 320 survey responses collected from a farmers' market, results showed that respondents are willing to pay and share upfront payment risks with farmers as CSA members. Flexible contract length and budget were identified as considerations for implementing CSA programs in Taiwan.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsFood sovereignty & justiceWhat Makes a CSA a CSA?
2020Zhenzhong Si, Theresa Schumilas, Weiping Chen, Tony Fuller, Steffanie Scott · Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l alimentation · Canada; China
A comparative study of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) models in Canada and China was conducted based on interviews and survey results. The study developed a framework to compare CSAs based on initiators’ motivations, economic characteristics, ecological practices, shareholder relations, and community building. It was found that CSAs in both Canada and China are struggling to maintain the movement’s original values and economic viability, moving away from the traditional ‘risk sharing’ approach to more flexible payment mechanisms. However, other original tenets of the CSA model, such as member engagement, are strengthening.
Economic viabilityCSA & TeikeiEconomicsCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceSubsistence Solidarity and the Extension of Trust: Moral Economies of Organic Farming in Northern China
2019Anders Sybrandt Hansen · Journal of Current Chinese Affairs · China
This article focuses on organic farming, which has grown in response to unsafe food on the Chinese market, based on ethnographic fieldwork at one such farm in northern China. While the farm's Community Supported Agriculture model relies on establishing personal trust with member households, the entire organic farming project is shown to be undergirded by strong expressions of solidarity with conventional farmers. The article proposes an extended concept of moral economies to capture the coexistence of differential care alongside horizontal solidarities within contemporary China's moral landscape.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceOrganic cycleAlternative Approaches to Food: Community Supported Agriculture in Urban China
2017Kees Krul, Peter Ho · Sustainability · China
A study in urban China examined the role of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in addressing food safety and sustainability issues through surveys and interviews with key stakeholders. The CSA model demonstrated an innovative approach to dealing with these issues and future food demands. However, the movement's structural embeddedness is bound by several limitations and contradictions.
CSA & TeikeiFood sovereignty & justiceCommunityEconomicsCommunity Supported Agriculture and Green Experimental Restaurants: A Social Capital Perspective
2016Chieh-Fu Cheng, Simon Chen-Tsang Tsai, Bin-Min Sung · · Taiwan
This study in Hualien, Taiwan, applied social capital theory to investigate how social capital dimensions facilitate the development of community-based organic agriculture, focusing on an experimental green restaurant. Participant observations and in-depth interviews with 7 local organic farmers were conducted. Results revealed that the experimental green restaurant must continually fulfill various social functions (e.g., educator, information platform, resource distributor) and accumulate social capital to extend its internal ties with local farmers into relationships based on mutual trust and reciprocity.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityFood educationOrganic cycle社會生態農業 : 小毛驢市民農園的經歷與思考 : 第一部分 = Community and ecological agriculture : experience and reflection of Little Donkey Farm : part 1
2015Yan Xiaohui · Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University) · China
This paper presents a lecture by Mr. Yan Xiaohui on Community and Ecological Agriculture, focusing on the experiences and reflections of Little Donkey Farm. The lecture discusses the farm's origins, current activities, and future vision for a shared community.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityOrganic cycleFood sovereignty & justicePromotion of Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park on the development of Community Supported Agricultural(CSA)
2014Zhu Rong-ji · Chinese Horticulture Abstracts · China
After its introduction to China, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) developed rapidly, leading to the emergence of specialized small organic farms. However, these traditional farms cannot meet public demand due to their limited reach. Agricultural demonstration zones, serving as platforms for innovation and incubators, are expected to promote the application and extension of the CSA model in China.
CSA & TeikeiPolicyEconomicsPerceived value in community supported agriculture (CSA)
2013Weiping Chen · British Food Journal · China (Beijing)
This research conceptualized and validated a construct of perceived value in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) and investigated its influence on consumer satisfaction and loyalty. The study used a sample of 198 consumers from five CSA farms in Beijing, China, applying partial least squares (PLS) for analysis. Findings indicate that perceived value in CSA is a formative, multi-dimensional, third-order construct, with a direct positive effect on consumer loyalty and an indirect effect mediated by consumer satisfaction.
CSA & TeikeiEconomicsCommunity社区支持农业（CSA）型都市农业观光园优化设计——以上海市崇明开心农庄为例
2013王冬灵, Genxu Wang, 车生泉 · 上海交通大学学报：农业科学版 · China (Shanghai)
This article discusses the feasibility and optimization design of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) type urban agricultural tourism parks in China, using Chongming Happy Farm in Shanghai as an example. It analyzes issues to consider when developing such parks and explores design optimizations across five aspects: agricultural production systems, tourism systems, overall layout, functional spatial structure, and operation management. The study suggests that CSA-type urban agricultural tourism parks can optimize urban agricultural tourism development and expand suburban agricultural development paths.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityEconomicsPeri-urban agricultureThinking about the Chinese-style Community Supported Agriculture
2013Chen Hui-fan · Anhui nongye kexue · China (Zhengzhou)
This article analyzes the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) model in Zhengzhou and proposes a new Chinese-style CSA model, "daughter-in-law in the city, her husband outside the city," inspired by roof vegetable gardens. This model is presented as beneficial for organic agriculture development and urban roof greening, offering a mutually beneficial practice for combining roof greening and agriculture. It is described as a green economy approach that promotes ecological environment protection and urban-rural economic development.
CSA & TeikeiDIYUrban–rural linkageEconomicsLeveraging Micro Blogging to Build Trust by Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Pioneers in China
2012Sarah Yixin Zhang, Zhang Zhi-xing · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · China
This study investigates how Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) pioneers in China use microblogging technology to engage members and develop their communities. CSA is a sustainable agriculture model where members support farms and share risks, making trust-building crucial. Microblogging platforms provide farmers with a channel to communicate updates, address member problems, and facilitate interactions among CSA members, especially when frequent farm visits are not possible. The study analyzed microblog posts from China's first CSA farm.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityDigital agricultureFood sovereignty & justiceCSAs in Canada and China: innovation and paradox
2012Anthony M. Fuller, Theresa Schumilas, Zhenzhong Si · Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University) · Canada; China
This presentation examines innovations and contradictions in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in Canada and China, where farmers pursue economic, social, and ecological goals. It describes the evolving CSA movement in Canada and identifies three paradoxes, including the economic paradox of market-based social change, questioning if CSAs can maintain their alternative nature or if co-optation is inevitable.
CSA & TeikeiCommunityFood sovereignty & justiceEconomics