Research & reports

Fatin Nurlia Sari Dewi, James Rilatupa · Jurnal Sains Teknologi Urban Perancangan Arsitektur (Stupa) · Indonesia (Jakarta)

This study descriptively investigates the issue of agricultural land degradation in Kembangan District, West Jakarta, Indonesia. It notes that the conversion of agricultural land due to urban development can lead to the loss of regional food security and identity. The research concludes that vertical urban agriculture, adapted with architectural engineering technology, is one way to develop the agricultural industry to maintain food security amidst the land crisis.

Putu Riska Wulandari, Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara, I Gusti Wayan Murjana Yasa, A.A.I.N. Marhaeni · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Indonesia (Denpasar)

This study investigated the institutional aspects of subak agricultural sustainability in Denpasar City, Bali, using a literature review method. It found that institutional factors are crucial for preserving subak's viability and fostering subak farming in urban settings. Social capital was identified as the factor contributing most to the sustainability of urban farming in Denpasar City, fostering high community involvement in conjunction with Tri Hita Karana.

Inanpi Hidayati Sumiasih · Jurdimas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Royal · Indonesia (Jakarta)

In Jatinegara Baru Housing, East Jakarta, Indonesia, an urban farming program was conducted from March to December 2022 for residents and santri of the Al Jabar community. The program included cultivating vegetables in narrow yards, utilizing green spaces, and training in compost and POC production. Evaluation showed that participant understanding increased from an initial 10% to 100%, the activity was rated "very beneficial," and the combined theory and practice method was considered highly suitable for participants.

Imelda Cahiles, Ricardo Bullecer · ACADEME University of Bohol Graduate School and Professional Studies · Asia

A study assessing the implementation of the Gulayan sa Paaralan Program (GPP) in schools in Lila District, Bohol, Philippines, revealed that the overall program implementation was less implemented. While roles and responsibilities at the school level and the establishment and maintenance of school gardens were implemented to a moderate extent, capability building, program monitoring, sustainability mechanisms, and program evaluation were less implemented. Respondents generally perceived the program as moderately beneficial and reported that implementation-related problems were less serious.

Sri Purwanti · Jurnal Jendela Inovasi Daerah · Indonesia (Magelang)

This study used quantitative methods to assess the community's potential and competence for urban agricultural activities in Magelang Utara District, Magelang City, Indonesia. Field findings indicated that the community is capable and competent, evidenced by their participation in yard planting and waste management to support economical and accessible plant cultivation.

Eka Pranajaya, Dwinanto Priyo Susetyo, Neneng Yanti Andriani · Journal of Community Service and Society Empowerment · Indonesia

A community-service report on an agricultural education programme for early-childhood pupils at an elementary school in Indonesia, delivered through a "fun learning" hydroponics approach. The activity followed observation and outreach, hydroponic cultivation practice, library revitalisation, and outcome evaluation; it reported increased children's understanding of agriculture, with potential to foster later interest in the agricultural sector, and noted that the library activities also helped increase pupils' reading interest.

Tirto Wahyu Widodo, Damanhuri Damanhuri, Ilham Muhklisin, Sonia Budiarti, Dian Agustina · Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia · Indonesia

An experiment examining the response of rice plants to non-soil planting media based on alternate wetting-drying irrigation, aimed at soilless rice cultivation as an urban farming method for subsistence food production. Conducted at a screen house in Sumberjeruk Village, Jember Regency, Indonesia, from January to May 2022, the study used a two-factor, fully randomized factorial design with three replications: husk-to-water ratio (0:1, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8, total media volume 25 L) as the first factor, and rice variety (Inpari 46 and IR 64) as the second. The combination of a 1:6 husk:water ratio with the Inpari 46 variety had a significant effect on the number of productive tillers (25.17 stems) and grain weight per hill (34.07 g); the 1:6 ratio showed no significant difference from 1:4 in total grain number (124.21) or full grain number (83.52). The Inpari 46 variety showed the highest values for total grain number (133.07), full grain number (84.88), and 1000-seed weight (22.43 g). The study concludes that husk-and-water media at the right ratio is an ideal medium for landless rice cultivation because it can supply oxygen to the media.

Suman Kumar Sourav, C. T. Subbarayappa, D. C. Hanumanthappa, Mudalagiriyappa, Prem José Vazhacharickal, Andrea Mock, Mariko Ingold, Andreas Buerkert · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · India

This study investigated how three rates of mineral nitrogen addition combined with rainfed versus irrigated conditions affected CO2 emissions from typical crops during the wet (Kharif) and dry (Rabi) seasons on a Nitisol in Bengaluru, South India. Two two-factorial split-plot experiments were conducted under rainfed and irrigated conditions from 2017 to 2021, using maize, finger millet, and lablab, and the vegetables cabbage, eggplant, and tomato or chili. CO2 emissions were measured with a Los Gatos Research multi-gas analyzer from 7:00-11:30 a.m. and 12:30-6:00 p.m., with CH4, NH3, and N2O found negligible. Regardless of irrigation, season, crop, or nitrogen level, afternoon CO2 emission rates were 2-128% higher than morning rates. Diurnal differences ranged from 0.04-1.61 kg CO2-C/ha/h in the irrigated field and 0.20-1.78 kg CO2-C/ha/h in the rainfed field. In the rainfed field, high-nitrogen plots emitted 56.4% more CO2 than low-nitrogen plots, versus only 12.1% more in the irrigated field. A linear mixed model showed nitrogen fertilization enhanced CO2 emissions, most strongly in rainfed crops; soil moisture enhanced emissions in rainfed crops but decreased them under irrigation, while soil temperature at 5 cm depth enhanced emissions in both fields.

Kamelia Sambas, Robert Markus Zaka Lawang · Journal of Social Science (JoSS) · Indonesia

A 2023 study examines the process of building social capital among urban-farming-based farmer groups in RW 03, Cempaka Putih Timur Village, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, using a qualitative descriptive approach combining observation and in-depth interviews with 25 informants selected through purposive sampling. It finds that bonding social capital was expressed as relations among farmer group members centered on shared goals and emotional closeness; bridging social capital as relations between the farmer group and the RW 03 community, non-members, visiting guests, assisted groups, and consumers; and linking social capital as relations with local government, environmental and other municipal sub-departments, companies, districts, and villages. Networks arising from trust strengthen the exchange of needed resources, obligations and norms support bonding capital, and positive sanctions (rewards) support linking capital while increasing members' motivation and commitment.

Ananda Rizqullah, Bilqis Tsurayya, Paul Aldo Purba, Helki Ginting, Alya Putri Natandini, Dicky Andrea Sembiring · International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism · Indonesia

This paper proposes NeoHada, an adaptive urban building design concept for Indonesia that integrates solar-piezoelectric technology and rooftop farming, developed in response to urban flooding challenges. The concept is based on three principles — climatic, energetic, and productive architecture — using a rain-harvesting system on building rooftops to prevent flooding and provide an alternative water source, solar panels combined with piezoelectric technology for independent electricity generation, and rooftop farming aimed at urban food self-sufficiency. The paper frames the proposal in relation to Sustainable Development Goals covering zero hunger, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities, and climate action.

Rhisa Aidilla Suprapto, Seftina Kuswardini · Diklus Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah · Indonesia

A community service project in Wayang Sidowarno Tourism Village, Indonesia, used observation and Focus Group Discussion methods to develop a garden prototype designed as urban farming educational media, built collaboratively by local residents through gotong-royong (mutual community labor). The prototype aims to introduce urban farming as an activity with both economic value — selling or directly consuming produce — and green open space value, continuing a partnership between Amikom University's Architecture Program and the village since it was designated a tourism village in 2020.

Muhammad Fawwaz, Muhammad Fikri Akbar, Madziatul Churiyah, Sholikhan · PRIMA PORTAL RISET DAN INOVASI PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT · Indonesia

A community-engagement report on establishing a "Waste Bank Gallery" in Kampung Mergosono, led by PKK (Family Welfare Movement) mothers, to address urban waste management. The program provided counseling on waste issues, management solutions, the Waste Bank Gallery scheme, handling procedures, task delegation, schedules, and stakeholders, and taught practical recycling of valuable waste plus using organic waste as fertilizer for urban farming. The outcome was described as effective dissemination of the Waste Bank Gallery program, contributing to improved waste management in the area.

Natal Basuki, Sartika Syafi, Haris Mahmud · Jurnal Pengabdian Teratai · Indonesia

A community economic-empowerment report from Bangko Village, West Halmahera Regency, Indonesia, addressing residents' inability to propagate and use local agricultural potential such as lemon cui (a lime variety). The intervention offered training in vegetative propagation (grafting) techniques and urban farming, following a process of socialization/FGD, facilitation and mentoring, community economic empowerment, and monitoring and evaluation. Outcomes reported were increased productivity of community economic activity (as a measure against unemployment and poverty) and development of economic activity integrated with agricultural potential, with productivity/income growth and partners' mastery of business management and marketing technology set as key performance indicators.

Dhea Ivana Hidayat · TUTURRUPA · Indonesia

A study at SD Marsudirini Cor Jesu in Semarang, Indonesia, examining whether the comic "Komik Kota Kita," developed from urban farming research, could teach urban farming to fourth-to-sixth-grade students at a school with green open space but limited student understanding of urban farming. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires assessed comprehension, while interviews with teachers and parents tracked changes in environmentally caring behavior. Most students understood the comic because its visuals matched their age-group preferences, and they became more concerned about the environment.

Ji-eun Park, Jong-Sang Sung, Yong-Hoon Son · Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture · South Korea

In an aging row-housing complex in Gojan 1-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, this study quantitatively examined the effects of gardening on residents' life satisfaction and community. After a field survey of the garden conditions in the area, a questionnaire assessed the relationship between gardening participation and life satisfaction and community ties, analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA. Residents engaged in gardening were more active in "neighborhood exchange" and "resident participation" than those who were not. Residents who voluntarily created their own gardens reported higher "life satisfaction" than those using gardens built by the government, and residents gardening within the complex reported higher life satisfaction than those gardening outside it.

Dinda Nur Haliza · Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Ilmu Pertanian · Indonesia (Jakarta)

Motivated by the risk that conversion of agricultural land in Jakarta, Indonesia, poses to food security, this study developed a conceptual model integrating rainwater harvesting with automatic irrigation for a rooftop greenhouse, based on a literature review of 12 journal articles and 3 textbooks on land conversion, irrigation systems, rainwater harvesting and greenhouse design. The resulting conceptual model shows rainwater collected in an underground reservoir could be supplied via automatic irrigation to crops in a rooftop greenhouse, though the authors state further study is needed on soil moisture requirements for specific plant types and direct testing of the model.

Roza Yunita, Jamsari Jamsari, Winda Purnama Sari, Meisilva Erona, Lily Syukriani, Firsta Ninda Rosadi, Jeanne Venora, Hasbi Al Huda · Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS · Indonesia

A community outreach report describes introducing and practicing container-based microgreen cultivation technology at SMP Baiturrosyid School and its surrounding community in Koto Tangah district, Padang city, Indonesia. Methods included socialization, counseling, demonstration planting of microgreens in containers, and discussion of cultivation techniques. The report concludes that students' understanding of agriculture increased and that students were able to cultivate microgreens following the taught procedure.

Reginawanti Hindersah, A. Marthin Kalay, Rion Suaib Salman, Wilhelmina Paays, Saon Banerjee · Current Research in Agricultural Sciences · Indonesia

A study of leafy vegetable cultivation (cabbage, water spinach, spinach) in urban farming areas along Ambon Bay in Ambon City, Indonesia, used 11 years of weather data verification combined with qualitative interviews with farmers to examine adaptation to disease and yield loss caused by excess wet-season rainfall. Annual rainfall varied, ranging from 3,950-5,264 mm in 2010-2013 and 2017-2020 versus 2,017-2,995 mm in 2014-2016; farmers adapted by installing plastic rain shelters, shortening planting distance from 20 cm to 10 cm, and changing their planting calendar.

Siti Asiah, Eva Banowati, Erni Suharini · International Journal of Research and Review · Indonesia

A study examining the implementation of urban farming to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the Sampangan sub-district of Semarang City, Indonesia. Focusing on the Puspitasari Women Farming Group and Mina Garden Spirit Farming Group under the city's "Ayo Nandur" (Let's Garden) program, using purposive sampling with observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires, the study found that urban farming — applying environmentally friendly use of yards — contributed to fulfilling family nutrition, increasing income, and improving welfare through community participation, while strengthening the groups into independent organizations.

Arini Putri Hanifa, Eka Triana Yuniarsih, Retna Qomariah, Nurmalinda, Yopi Saleh, Yati Haryati, Indarti Puji Lestari, Susi Lesmayati · IntechOpen eBooks · Indonesia

A book chapter discusses the urban farming movement in Indonesia across five topics: trends in yard utilization and food provision policy, the importance of urban farming in society, community perception and involvement, the pandemic's impact on household food security and supply chains, and government strategy for sustaining participatory urban farming. In the Indonesian context, urban farming is defined as cultivating food crops, vegetables, fruit, herbs, and medicinal or ornamental plants combined with fish and poultry, on home yards, office yards, school gardens and communal gardens. It concludes that the sustainability of urban farming still requires government assistance and intervention plus private-sector involvement through corporate social responsibility, and that government must support both policy and physical infrastructure to build business partnership networks between producers and market actors.

Christian Nindyaputra Octarino · ATRIUM - Jurnal Arsitektur · Indonesia

A study examined how effective urban farming and greenery integrated into a residential area are at maintaining microclimate quality, using field measurement and ENVI-MET simulation in the Tompeyan district of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results show vegetation in outdoor spaces has a significant effect on surface and air temperature. The ENVI-MET simulation showed an increase in the thermal comfort index in vegetated areas, although it had not yet reached the ideal value.

Arief Setyo Nugroho, Bambang Sumardjoko, Anatri Desstya, Minsih Minsih, Choiriyah · International Journal of Elementary Education · Indonesia

This qualitative descriptive study examined strengthening environmental-care character through ecoprint artwork in Indonesian elementary schools, set against a backdrop of poorly tended school garden plants and littered food and drink packaging. Using interviews and observations with triangulation for validity and an interactive data collection-reduction-presentation-conclusion analysis, the study reports an 88.32% success rate for the ecoprint intervention in strengthening environmental care, with a secondary effect of awakening students' entrepreneurial spirit through producing leaf-motif paintings and cloth products.

Febrianto Syam, Zulfiani Zulfiani, Sadhriany Pertiwi Saleh · Al-MUNZIR · Indonesia (Makassar)

This qualitative study examines the environmental communication strategies and models used by Makassar Berkebun, an urban farming community in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to introduce the concept of urban agriculture, drawing on interview and literature data analyzed descriptively through an environmental communication and urban agriculture framework. It finds the community applies four types of communication strategy, socialization, campaign, education and training, to realize its vision and mission, and that the communication model used is a mechanistic and interactional one based on David K. Berlo's (1960) and Schramm's (1954) communication models.

Taufik Zarkasya Sastrawinata, Ilhamdaniah, Agara Dama Gaputra · Prosiding Temu Ilmiah · Indonesia

A report on an apartment design project — a final-year architecture thesis at UPI — sited at Bandung Teknopolis within the Summarecon Bandung residential development in West Java, Indonesia. Located in a tropical climate, site analysis found that most of the solar exposure received from 9am to 5pm, east to west, was disadvantageous. The design applies sustainable landscaping, sun shading, cross ventilation, renewable energy through photovoltaic panels, an alternative water source via rainwater harvesting, and urban farming, with an environmental focus as the project's central sustainability strategy.

Devisri S.S. Senthilkumar, Moumita Malakar · Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability · India

This review examines "public gardens" — green spaces holding diverse plant collections for public enjoyment, education, and biodiversity conservation — as a potential option for climate change hazard mitigation, drawing on recent built-environment interventions in non-agriculture-based rural cities in India that use urban gardening. It notes a deficit in public awareness and understanding of climate information and governance systems, including technical knowledge, and compiles knowledge on how urban gardening approaches feature in climate change programs that seek to legalize green infrastructure implementation.