Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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Critical findings
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LA AGRICULTURA URBANA Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SUS SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS Y SOCIALES, COMO VÍA PARA LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN NUESTRAS CIUDADES
2006Loracnis Hernández · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Global
This work examines how urban agriculture emerged and developed globally and in Cuba, and how it can be a primary means to solve problems related to increasing quality of life and food security in cities. It also aims to deepen participatory methods as tools to characterize and train rural communities on the technological management of their productive systems and how to enhance agricultural biodiversity utilization.
Food sovereignty & justiceCommunityFood educationPROMOTING COMMUNITY GARDENING TO LOW-INCOME URBAN PARTICIPANTS IN THE WOMEN, INFANTS AND CHILDREN PROGRAMME (WIC) IN NEW MEXICO
2006Shawn Teresa Flanigan, Roli Varma · Community Work & Family · United States (New Mexico)
This study investigated the effectiveness of methods used by nutrition educators to promote the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) community garden project in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. A survey of 257 clients from five clinics found that less than 30% of clients had been exposed to the project, and caseload was unrelated to the promotion methods used. However, clients exposed to any method of promotion were more likely to garden than those not exposed, and importantly, clients reported eating more vegetables after being exposed to the project.
CommunityWelfareHealthFood educationMetromorphosis: Documenting Change
2006Mark Tranel, Larry Handlin · Journal of Urban Affairs · United States (St. Louis)
This study investigated the impact of community gardens on revitalization in urban neighborhoods in St. Louis, United States. The research used GIS software to collect 1990 and 2000 Census data for 3-block radii around the study gardens, focusing on indicators of resident quality of life and neighborhood conditions. Using difference of differences to measure change, the findings indicated that Garden Impact Areas improved in these indicators.
CommunityHealthEconomicsPractice and Thinking of Roof Garden
2006Liang Ji · Chinese Landscape Architecture · China (Beijing)
This paper introduces the rooftop greening project of Tonghui Jia Yuan in Beijing. It identifies existing problems within the project and analyzes the prospects for the development of rooftop gardens.
CommunityPolicy城乡一体 统筹联动 扎实推进农村新社区建设
2006马卫光 · 宁波通讯 · China (Ningbo)
Since the Central Committee's strategic deployment for building new socialist rural areas, Zhenhai District in China has actively implemented policies, making new rural construction a priority for the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan." The district formulated guidelines, outlining key tasks such as developing urban agriculture, boosting village economies, increasing farmers' income, accelerating infrastructure, and expanding public services to rural areas. Zhenhai District has rapidly advanced the construction of new rural communities, emphasizing integrated urban-rural planning and coordinated development, resulting in well-planned, clean, well-serviced, culturally rich, democratically managed, and comfortable rural communities.
Urban–rural linkagePolicyCommunityPeri-urban agricultureAGRICULTURA URBANA- EXPERIÊNCIA DA UFRRJ
2006Edilene Lagedo Teixeira, Janailton Coutinho, Adriano Costa da Silva, Andréa Soares, Camila Silva de Oliveira, Carla Gomes dos Santos, Beatriz Ribeiro Guimarães · REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE AGROECOLOGIA · Brazil
This study, conducted in 2003 by UNISOL REGIONAL and UFRRJ, aimed to develop an organic, condiment, and medicinal garden through social education activities. A socioeconomic survey of the community revealed urgent problems with water scarcity, mosquitoes, and rodents. While two garden beds and 12 planters were built to encourage self-sustaining urban agriculture, the abstract does not explicitly state the success or failure of achieving self-sustainability or addressing the identified community problems beyond the construction itself.
Limited or null effectCommunityFood educationOrganic cycleEconomicsContemporary agri-ecological systems and their contribution to community resilience: reconnecting people and food, and people with people
2006Christine King · Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the ISSS - 2006, Sonoma, CA, USA · Global
This paper reports on research exploring how alternative agricultural approaches, such as Organic Agriculture, Biodynamics, Permaculture, CSAs, Farmers Markets, and Community Gardens, contribute to more resilient agri-ecological systems and communities. These systems are reviewed in relation to key concepts from ecological systems thinking, including ecological resilience, biodiversity, and holism. The paper discusses how these systems contribute to more sustainable and resilient communities through community development processes like relationship building, genuine participation, inclusiveness, resource mobilization, and creating space for knowledge sharing.
CommunityCSA & TeikeiFood sovereignty & justiceBiodiversityClimate changeGrounded Visualization: Integrating the Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Data through Grounded Theory and Visualization
2006LaDona Knigge, Meghan Cope · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · United States
This paper conceptualizes and demonstrates an integrated analytical method for using qualitative and quantitative data through geographic information systems (GIS) and ethnography. It proposes that visualization, approached from the analytical base of grounded theory, can construct an iterative, reflexive, contextual, and conceptual analysis strategy. Knigge's work on community gardens in Buffalo, New York, is used as a substantive example of these proposed methods.
CommunityVitamin G: effects of green space on health, well-being, and social safety
2006Peter Groenewegen, A.E. van den Berg, S. de Vries, Robert Verheij · BMC Public Health · Netherlands
This article discusses the design of a research program in the Netherlands on the effects of green space in the living environment on health, well-being, and social safety. The program consists of three observational studies at different scales: macro (national data), intermediate (urban green space effects), and micro (allotment gardens). It combines existing land use and health interview survey data with new data collected via questionnaires and interviews, to be analyzed using multilevel analysis and GIS techniques.
HealthCommunityPolicyCommunity Seeds: Building Community through Gardening
2006Kristin McGee · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · United States
"Community Seeds" is a handbook providing basic information on gardening and starting community garden projects for community members, church members, young people, and schools. It covers definitions, getting started with community gardening, basic gardening skills like design, composting, and vegetable gardening, and how gardening can build community through farm-to-school programs, community supported agriculture, and marketing produce. The handbook also lists Internet and reading resources.
CommunityFood educationCSA & TeikeiDIYSustainability of Agriculture and Urban Quality of Life in Japan : Economic Efficiency, Sociality and Environment Protection
2006Lily Kiminami, Akira Kiminami · Studies in Regional Science · Japan
Urban agriculture in Japan faces problems such as farmland reduction, farmer aging, expansion of abandoned cultivated land, and environmental pollution from livestock waste or agricultural chemicals. Urban agriculture can contribute to improving urban quality of life by supplying agricultural goods, creating landscapes, ensuring land conservation, and providing environmental benefits like biodiversity conservation. However, these issues pose challenges to the economic viability of urban agriculture.
Economic viabilityEconomicsCommunityBiodiversityPolicyUrban–rural linkagePlanting Peace: The Greater London Council and the Community Gardens of Central London
2006Paul Gough · International Journal of Heritage Studies · United Kingdom (London)
This paper examines in detail two community gardens in central London. These gardens owe their origins to radical local agendas set within the political climate of the Cold War of the 1980s and grand visions for world peace. Twenty years after their creation, the author explores their current condition and examines their value as sites of political value and heritage.
CommunityPolicyTesting the recommendations of the Washington State Nutrition and Physical Activity Plan: the Moses Lake case study.
2006Donna B. Johnson, Lynne T. Smith · PubMed · United States (Washington)
The city of Moses Lake, Washington, a town of about 15,000 people, was chosen as a pilot site to test the conceptual approaches and recommendations of the state's Nutrition and Physical Activity Plan. An advisory committee used local policy and environment inventory data to develop a Healthy Communities plan, launching three initiatives: a trail system, breastfeeding facilities, and a community garden. Records of cumulative actions demonstrated the project's continued activity and productivity, with environmental changes and long-term health outcomes to be monitored.
CommunityHealthDiscussion on Metropolitan Agriculture in Nanchang City
2006MA Yi-lin · · China (Nanchang)
This paper discusses metropolitan agriculture, a new form of agriculture emerging with urbanization to meet the multi-level needs of urban residents and support economic, social, and ecological development. It notes that the characteristics of metropolitan agriculture vary by country and region. Based on successful international urban agriculture experiences, the paper proposes a development scheme for Nanchang's agriculture, covering developmental orientation, functional zoning, and the government's role.
PolicyUrban–rural linkageEconomicsCommunity中国上海市における都市農業の持続可能性
2006莉莉 木南, 章 木南, 美華 朱 · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · China (Shanghai)
This research aims to analyze the sustainability of urban agriculture in Shanghai, China, from the aspects of economic efficiency, sociality, and environmental conservation. These aspects will be evaluated using a questionnaire survey method targeting residents on urban agriculture.
EconomicsCommunityClimate changePeri-urban agricultureAgriculture urbaine et subsistance des ménages dans une zone de post-conflit en Afrique centrale
2006André Mfoukou-Ntsakala, Michel Bitémo, Niko Speybroeck, Guido Van Huylenbroeck, É. Thys · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · Congo (Brazzaville)
This study analyzed the technical and socio-economic specificities of urban agriculture and its role in household subsistence in a post-conflict region in Central Africa. It was based on a 2002 survey of 710 randomly selected households in Brazzaville, Congo. About one-third of Brazzaville households engage in urban agriculture, with 29.5% in crop production and 8.8% in animal production, predominantly aviculture. The 1997 conflict negatively impacted urban agricultural production, especially animal production, and urban agriculture is dominated by subsistence and poor households. While crop production is mainly for subsistence, animal production is more income-driven, and constraints like input provision, theft, and soil degradation limit productivity.
CommunityWelfareEconomicsFood sovereignty & justice巩固先进性教育成果 扎实推进社会主义新农村建设——对小河区建设社会主义新农村的调查与思考
2006刘光祥 · 贵阳市委党校学报 · China (Guiyang)
This study investigated the construction of a socialist new countryside in Xiaohe District, Guiyang City, which has a prominent contradiction of high population and limited land (20,400 agricultural residents, 4,800 mu of cultivated land). The district government promoted urban, ecological, specialized, efficient, and leisure tourism agriculture, establishing eight agricultural tourism bases and three provincial-certified pollution-free agricultural product bases. This led to a more rational agricultural structure, diversified income channels for farmers, and improved rural infrastructure and ecological environment.
Urban–rural linkageEconomicsPolicyCommunityLe aree agricole nei parchi periurbani italiani: verso nuovi modelli?/The agricultural areas in the peri-urban Italian parks: toward new models?
2006Paola Branduini · Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) · Italy
Projects for the valorization of agriculture in Italian metropolitan areas have primarily originated from initiatives within peri-urban parks. The second national Conference on Protected Areas in 2002 confirmed the idea that peri-urban agricultural areas can bridge rural and urban cultures through new management models. Italy presents several plans already realized or in progress that are significant for their concept of peri-urban agriculture, ongoing actions, and the role played by stakeholders.
Peri-urban agriculturePolicyCommunityFood, Culture and Survival in an African City
2006Thomas Cousins · The International Journal of African Historical Studies · Tanzania (Mwanza)
Karen Coen Flynn's ethnography of Mwanza, Tanzania, explores experiences of deprivation and survival strategies, including urban farming, in this rapidly expanding city. Using a large number of qualitative interviews, the study examines changing consumption patterns, household organization of labor and kinship regarding food, and the gendered character of household labor. It also considers how street children and adults secure survival, presenting a typology of survival strategies.
Food sovereignty & justiceWelfareCommunityExploring the Allotment Gardens and Its Implication - Case Study on Kleingarten in German, Dacha in Russia and Civic Garden in Japan-
2006Duk‐Byeong Park, Sang-Duk Lee, Hye-Hyun Lee, Min‐Soo Lee, Myun-Ju Jang · Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning · Global
This study explored the situation and implications of allotment gardens through case studies of Kleingarten in Germany, Dacha in Russia, and Civic Garden in Japan. Allotment gardens were shown to be important for urban residents to gain recreation and health from agricultural activities. While allotment gardens in the three countries developed according to their historical and social contexts, their basic rationales were to provide recreation areas for supporting people's health and preserving green spaces in urban areas.
CommunityPolicyHealthUrban–rural linkageUrban agriculture in less developed countries
2006Mengjie Xu · Urban Problems · Global
This paper summarizes the types and characteristics of urban agriculture (UA) in less developed countries (LDCs), distinguishing it from UA in developed countries. It elucidates both the positive and negative effects of UA in LDCs, including impediments arising from its negative impacts. The study discusses the necessity of developing UA in LDCs and details measures to regulate its development, highlighting governance challenges.
Governance failurePolicyEconomicsCommunityUrban–rural linkageMaraîchers à Khartoum : entre intégration et marginalisation étude des capacités intégratrices de l'agriculture urbaine
2006Alice Franck · Revue internationale des études du développement · Sudan
This study of market gardeners in Khartoum, Sudan, reveals limitations in the integrating capacity of urban agriculture. Uncontrolled urbanization in the capital creates intense competition for property, restricting the potential integration of farm-workers in the downtown area. This activity is strictly commercial and primarily carried out by a migrant population.
Equity & displacementEconomicsCommunityUrban–rural linkage文化としての農業、文化としての食料(2) : 「城壁のない都市」京都の都市農業
2006Tatsurô Suehara · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Japan (Kyoto)
This article discusses the historical role of urban agriculture in Kyoto, an ancient Japanese city. It points out that Kyoto, being a city without ramparts, allowed urban areas to be easily converted into agricultural fields during the medieval period, suggesting it may have been the birthplace of Japanese urban agriculture. Over its 1200-year history, urban agriculture in Kyoto flexibly changed its form according to residents' needs, and agricultural fields played a significant role in the city's history.
CommunityFood sovereignty & justiceUrban–rural linkage建“百家园”工程 创都市农业新路
2006朱良华 · 浙江现代农业 · China (Ningbo)
Ningbo's Yinzhou District invested 190 million yuan over two years to implement over 40 "Hundred Gardens" projects, focusing on rural leisure, tourism, agricultural technology, and farm stay experiences. These projects, centered on agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, aim to provide citizens with new agricultural industries for leisure and experience. By 2005, 27 projects were completed, attracting 800,000 visitors and generating over 12 million yuan in revenue.
CommunityFood educationEconomicsThe Evaluation of Industry Development in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing City and the Policy Suggestions
2006Lei Cui · Journal of Chongqing Institute of Technology · China (Chongqing)
This paper analyzes and evaluates the status quo of industry development in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City, which has established industry groups including urban agriculture. It proposes ideas for industry development during the "Eleventh Five-year" period and corresponding policy suggestions.
PolicyEconomicsCommunity