Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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Critical findings
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1990年以降の愛知県の都市における農業の変化 ―都市農業振興基本法の施行をふまえて―
2017肇 石原, Hajime ISHIHARA · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Japan
Since 1990, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, has seen a decrease in agricultural land area and the number of farm households, particularly in Nagoya City and its surrounding municipalities. While the reduction in productive green space and full-time farmers was moderate, engagement in agriculture-related businesses, excluding direct sales, was not extensive. A polarization was observed between municipalities active and inactive in designating productive green spaces, posing a challenge for future land use planning.
Governance failurePolicyUrban–rural linkageEconomicsStrategic Objective and Development Strategies of Urban Modern Agriculture during the 13th Five-Year Plan in Suzhou City
2017Guo-sheng MA, Juan Chen · DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research · China (Suzhou)
This study analyzed the current problems and strategic objectives of modern urban agriculture in Suzhou, China. It proposed measures including optimizing the spatial form of "four million acres," building a modern agricultural industry system, cultivating modern agricultural management entities, and enhancing agricultural technology and ecological protection. The aim was to improve agricultural specialization, innovation, and leisure tourism.
PolicyEconomicsUrban–rural linkageClimate changeCittà contemporanea e spazi del cibo. Il Basso Isonzo a Padova: campagne urbaine o urban farming?
2017Viviana Ferrario · TERRITORIO · Italy (Padova)
This paper examines the renewed general interest in agriculture as a food producer, possibly due to conditions posed by the crisis of the late 2000s. It uses the recent case of a large agricultural area in the southwest quadrant of Padova, known as 'Basso Isonzo', to update territorial interpretations and design strategies in light of the increasing importance of food production, transformation, and consumption.
Urban–rural linkageEconomicsCommunityDossier « L’agriculture dans le système alimentaire urbain : continuités et innovations » – Comprendre la complexité des liens ville-agriculture : intérêt d’une approche par le système agri-urbain. Le cas de Bobo-Dioulasso, Afrique de l’Ouest
2017Ophélie Robineau, Christophe‐Toussaint Soulard · Natures Sciences Sociétés · Africa
This article emphasizes the utility of the agri-urban system concept for analyzing expanding urban agriculture and the complex relationships between cities and agriculture, moving beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. Based on a case study in Bobo-Dioulasso, West Africa, it aims to develop a framework for understanding these relationships at the city and regional scale. It distinguishes three groups of city-agriculture interactions: spatio-historical, interactions between the current urban system and agriculture, and interactions within the urban agrarian system, seeking to identify factors influencing the diversity and future of urban agriculture.
Urban–rural linkageFood sovereignty & justicePolicyAlternative and Virtual Rurality: Agriculture and The Countryside as Embodied in American Imagination
2017Lisa M. Butler Harrington · Geographical Review · United States
This study in the United States identified connections to ideals of rurality in popular culture, despite the shrinking rural population. Based on literature, field observation, computer searches, and U.S. Census of Agriculture data, manifestations include rural tourism, small-scale farming, urban agriculture, farmers’ markets, and housing developments centered on farm activities. These idealized relationships with rurality are linked to health, well-being, nature connection, aesthetics, privacy, and nostalgia.
Urban–rural linkageCSA & TeikeiCommunityHealthKnitting green spaces with the threads of social innovation in Groningen and London
2017Stephanie Nuria Spijker, Constanza Parra · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · Europe
This paper discusses the potential of social innovations to transform urban green spaces in Groningen and London, applying the concept of socio-ecological practices to urban and guerrilla gardening. Based on document analysis, interviews, and garden observations, the study examines links between behavioral drivers, social innovation, and green space governance. It finds that underlying motivations like values and self-efficacy contribute to place-keeping transformations, suggesting socio-ecological practices can generate socially innovative physical, social, and policy changes in urban green space governance.
CommunityPolicyUrban–rural linkageCan Urban Agriculture Transform Two Northern Capitals? – The Case of Identity in Stockholm and Helsinki
2017Ida Åberg, Sophia E. Hagolani‐Albov · · Europe
This study states that urban agriculture is a phenomenon occurring in built environments that does not necessarily disrupt the city's form and function. It mentions the close proximity to nature in urban areas but does not elaborate on its details in the abstract.
CommunityPolicyUrban–rural linkageChapitre 19. Valorisation agricole des déchets domestiques et industriels dans les agrosystèmes en Afrique de l’Ouest et à Madagascar
2017Dominique Massé, Moussa N’Diénor, Edmond Hien, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, Yacine Badiane Ndour, Alfonse Bilgo, Serge Houot, Christine Aubry · IRD Éditions eBooks · Sub-Saharan Africa
This chapter reviews research since 2006 on composting urban waste and using municipal landfill screenings in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ouagadougou, urban waste compost significantly increased sorghum yields (2 to 5 times higher than controls) over two years, with phosphorus content being crucial when concentrated at plant level, and mineralization rate determining yield when spread. In Madagascar, soil from the Andralanitra landfill showed value as an amendment or fertilizer for tomato cultivation, though application principles and safety need definition. However, municipal landfill screenings from Dakar did not achieve yields comparable to horse manure when tested on tomato crops.
CompostOrganic cycleUrban–rural linkageEconomicsFuture of Allotment Gardens in the Context of City Spatial Policy – A Case Study of Poznań
2017Lidia Poniży, Kamila Stachura · Quaestiones Geographicae · Poland (Poznań)
This case study of Poznań, Poland, examines urban spatial policy regarding allotment gardens. It finds that despite their importance as green infrastructure, allotment gardens receive little attention in city plans and policies, and face threats from investment pressure due to an underestimation of their role. The study emphasizes that preserving these gardens relies on local spatial planning.
Governance failurePolicyCommunityUrban–rural linkage2017 Statewide List of Iowa CSA Farms and Organizers Serving Iowa
2017Leigh Adcock · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · United States
This directory lists 105 Iowa farms operating Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) enterprises. For each farm, contact information, website links, available produce, and distribution range are provided.
CSA & TeikeiUrban–rural linkageIn This Issue: Food Systems Resilience
2017Duncan Hilchey · Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development · Global
This combined spring and summer issue of JAFSCD highlights the growing interest in food systems resilience, presenting various strategies such as supporting critical organizational and physical infrastructure along with social capital, incubating new farmers, protecting farm landscapes, using season-extending technology, and supporting labor. It also emphasizes adapting to climate change and creating stronger connections between farmers and residents in need who are in close geographic proximity. The issue includes columns on Latinx/Hispanic issues in food systems work, the role of "freedom farmers" in the civil rights movement, and the under-appreciated contribution of urban agriculture to communities.
Climate changeFood sovereignty & justiceUrban–rural linkageEconomicsThe Location Matters: Determinants for “Deepening” and “Broadening” Diversification Strategies in Ruhr Metropolis’ Urban Farming
2017Bernd Pölling, Marcus Mergenthaler · Sustainability · Germany (Ruhr Metropolis)
This empirical study investigates determinants of diversification strategies among 123 urban farmers in Germany's Ruhr Metropolis using binary logit models. "Deepening" strategies (e.g., direct sales) are encouraged by larger farm sizes, high-value production, organic farming, and livestock. "Broadening" strategies (e.g., tourism, care farming) are prevalent on smaller farms with horses and higher grassland shares. Proximity to the city increases the likelihood of both diversification types.
EconomicsUrban–rural linkagePolicyReview study of source retention of rainwater as a means of peak discharge reduction an urban environment
2017Jackie W.Y. Ng · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · Singapore
The objective of this study is to propose water retention features to reduce peak urban runoff at source during storm events in an urbanized area. The report focuses on applications in a decentralized area with a centralized system. The three main proposed features are water towers, rooftop gardens (planter tanks), and permeable pavements, intended for implementation in residential housings such as HDB public housings. The study aims to determine how much water can be delayed during high rainfall, and computations and reasoning for these features are discussed.
Climate changeUrban–rural linkageCOMMUNICATION MODEL IN SOCIALIZING OF URBAN FARMING “KAMPUNG BERKEBUN” INNOVATION PROGRAM IN BANDUNG CITY (MODEL KOMUNIKASI DALAM MEMASYARAKATKAN PROGRAM INOVASI URBAN FARMING “KAMPUNG BERKEBUN” DI KOTA BANDUNG PROPINSI JAWA BARAT)
2017Henny Sri Mulyani R, Asep Agus Handaka Suryana, Dadang Sugiana · EDUTECH · Indonesia (Bandung)
This qualitative descriptive study in Bandung City, Indonesia, investigated the communication model used by the Department of Agriculture and Food Security to disseminate the "Kampung Berkebun" urban farming program. The program involved two activities: disseminating information to subdistrict and village heads, and providing training to up to 50 residents per village. The communication model employed was found to be both mechanistic and interactional, drawing from David K Berlo (1960) and Schramm (1954) models.
CommunityFood educationPolicyUrban–rural linkageThe Impact of Urbanization on the Vegetation of Yaounde, (Cameroon)
2017Clement Anguh Nkwemoh, Mesmin Tchindjang, Roland Ngwatung Afungang · International Journal of Innovative Research and Development · Cameroon (Yaounde)
A study in Yaounde, Cameroon, investigated the impact of rapid urban expansion on vegetation cover using maps, images, questionnaires, and interviews. The findings revealed a significant depletion of flora due to settlement expansion. Forest degradation was attributed to the demand for construction materials, fuelwood, woodworking, and the need for space for urban agriculture, among other factors.
Environmental trade-offsBiodiversityUrban–rural linkageFiguring the features of the Roman Campagna: recent landscape structural transformations of Rome’s countryside
2017Luca Salvati, Lorenza Gasparella, Michele Munafò, Raoul Romano, Anna Barbati · Annals of Silvicultural Research · Italy (Rome)
This paper quantified the impact of urban expansion on the Roman Campagna's landscape characteristics between 1974 and 2008. Using spatial pattern analysis and multi-factor analysis to assess changes in landscape composition and structure, the study found that the distinctive features of the Roman Campagna landscape are now blurred. A generalized landscape mixité was generated by the juxtaposition of different fragmented land uses.
Peri-urban agricultureUrban–rural linkagePolicyUrban agriculture and place-making: Narratives about place and space in Ghent, Brno and Bristol
2017Marlinde Koopmans, Daniel Keech, Lucie Sovová, Matthew Reed · Moravian Geographical Reports · Europe
This paper analyzed urban agriculture (UA) and place-making in Ghent, Brno, and Bristol, using a spatial lens across three case studies. It revealed that local authorities struggle to find space for UA, leading to its frequent, often temporary, emergence in marginal areas vulnerable to planning changes. The analysis exposed inherent tensions within UA, conceptualized as tensions between abstract space and concrete place narratives. It was suggested that UA, as a collective socio-cultural process, can transform functionally replicable spaces into unique places, contributing to place-making, and urban planning should secure physical spaces and create possibilities for local autonomous governance.
Governance failureCommunityPolicyUrban–rural linkagePerancangan Interior Fasilitas Edukasi Hidroponik di Surabaya
2017Cynthia Natalia, Yusita Kusumarini, Jean Francois Poillot · Intra · Indonesia (Surabaya)
In Surabaya, an interior design for a hydroponic education facility was developed to address the lack of farmlands and sub-optimal existing facilities. Using a design thinking methodology, the project resulted in a design incorporating a climate control system for optimal plant growth and visitor comfort. This design aims to optimize educational activities through the use of eco-friendly materials, maximized natural light, and good air quality.
Food educationDIYUrban–rural linkageA change is needed. Urban regeneration may be the answer.
2017Miriam Bodino · PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino) · Global
Given the clear limits to growth, this study argues for a better definition and application of sustainable development, particularly in urban areas. It proposes envisioning a de-growth society, emphasizing resilience, flexibility, and adaptability in urban regeneration. The use of Third Landscape, public spaces, and urban agriculture is suggested as a more sustainable approach to urban transformation.
Climate changeCommunityUrban–rural linkage1990年以降の兵庫県の都市における農業の変化 ―都市農業振興基本法の施行をふまえて―
2017肇 石原, Hajime ISHIHARA · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Japan
This study examined changes in urban agriculture in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, since 1990, finding a weakening of the agricultural management base. While the decline in productive green space and full-time farmers was limited, engagement in agriculture-related businesses, excluding direct sales, was not widespread. The preservation of productive green spaces in some cities remains a challenge for future land use planning.
Economic viabilityPolicyEconomicsUrban–rural linkageConsiderations for reducing food system energy demand while scaling up urban agriculture
2017Eugene Mohareb, Martin Heller, Paige J. Novak, Benjamin Goldstein, Xavier Fonoll, Lutgarde Raskin · Environmental Research Letters · Global
This literature review provided new insight into the energy implications of scaling up urban agriculture (UA) in cities in high-income countries. It noted that limited data quantify resource demand directly associated with UA systems, indicating the literature is not yet robust enough to make universal claims on benefits. Analyzing existing literature data and cases, the review proposed that energy efficiency gains could be realized by co-locating UA operations with waste streams (e.g., heat, CO2, greywater, wastewater, compost).
Climate changeEconomicsUrban–rural linkageFood lossPaisaje rururbano en el borde sur de Bogotá, Usme, veredas la Requilina y el Uval : lineamientos de ocupación para la consolidación de un paisaje agroecológico sostenible
2017Daniel Balcero Benitez · · Colombia (Bogotá)
This study proposes a rururban landscape (urban-agricultural) for the Usme district in southern Bogotá. It is based on a model for ordering rururban fringes and sustainable occupation typologies for these territories, responding to expansive pressures from high environmental impact uses (mining, landfill) and urban growth on peasant territories. The proposal starts from the preservation and strengthening of the environment and current peasant ways of life.
Peri-urban agricultureUrban–rural linkageFood sovereignty & justicePolicySmart Environment Program, Smart Way to Smart City
2017Tutik Rachmawati, Priska Diah Pertiwi · Policy & Governance Review · Indonesia (Bandung)
This research aims to evaluate the best practices of the smart environment program in Bandung City, Indonesia, and analyze the positive transformations it brings. The analysis is based on three core activities (creation of thematic parks, restoration and revitalization of rivers, urban gardening/farming) and eight aspects of smart environment (provision of public open space, good waste management, slum areas management, river revitalization, eliminating "chopsticks syndrome" in building construction, alternative energy, reducing CO2 production, urban farming). A qualitative research method was used, and data was collected from 30 interviews.
PolicyCommunityUrban–rural linkageAnalysis of Urban Agricultural Characteristics along Land Use Gradient in Lagos State, Nigeria
2017Olalekan John Taiwo · · Nigeria (Lagos)
A study in Lagos State, Nigeria, analyzed the characteristics of urban agriculture and the influence of land use diversity using 300 questionnaires and personal interviews. The research noted the rapid disappearance of urban agricultural sites within built-up areas, framing it within the concept of "survival of the fittest." Results indicated that land use characteristics where urban agriculture is located moderate its size, rental cost, profit, and accessibility to road networks, while having little to no influence on its distance from markets and water sources.
Governance failureUrban–rural linkagePolicyEconomicsIntersection and material flow in open-space urban farms in Tanzania.
2017Leslie McLees · CABI eBooks · Tanzania (Dar es Salaam)
This chapter examines open-space urban farms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using movement, flow, and intersection as heuristic devices to bridge analytical gaps between urban agriculture in the Global South and North. It focuses on the movements of farmers, their life trajectories, and how farms serve as nodes for social interactions, information exchange, and knowledge transfer for both farmers and non-farmers. The chapter aims to facilitate an understanding of urban agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa beyond poverty and marginalization.
CommunityUrban–rural linkage