Research & reports

M. Klein, M. Smith · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · United States

This bibliography lists pamphlets and newsletters related to organizing community gardens in the United States. It includes resources such as "Community Garden Handbook," "Guide to Community Garden Organization," and "Profiles of California Community Garden Projects." The bibliography also references the 1977 Gallup Poll results on gardening in America.

Yoshiharu OKAMOTO, Tsuyoshi Yoneda, Zyunichi Tamazaki · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Japan

This study investigated the actual conditions of school gardens at 77 primary schools in Osaka City, Japan. Based on the findings, it designed a model plan for creating school gardens in urban primary schools; the average garden area was 956 sq m, and the average utilization rate (garden area relative to available space) was 37.1% — figures the study characterizes as insufficient both in space and in tree variety for maintaining trees as teaching materials — and it examines how to most effectively use the limited available space given these constraints.

Harry Wals · Aménagement et Nature · Netherlands (The Hague)

This article describes mesologic education as a link between specialized environmental courses in schools. It details how The Hague's Local Office for School Gardens supports teachers in environmental education by offering practical assistance, living animals, maintenance examples, and facilities to their pupils.

Ivor H. Seeley · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · United Kingdom

This chapter is subdivided into three sections concerned with public parks, children's playgrounds, and allotment gardens.

Steven L. Doud, Greg Pagano · HortScience · United States

Many American urban dwellers are rediscovering that gardens can provide inexpensive, high-quality food, recreation, and relaxation. This "green thumb boom" is particularly evident in the emergence of community garden projects in college communities, where students seek to supplement incomes and work with plants. While these projects vary in management philosophy and workload allocation, they share common goals of abundant food production and enjoyment for gardeners.

Natalia Przesmycka, Rafał Strojny · Teka Komisji Architektury Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych · Poland (Lublin)

This article examines allotment gardens in downtown Lublin, Poland, from a historical, architectural, and landscape perspective, focusing on the oldest garden, "Nasza Zdobycz nad Bystrzycą." It identifies that city-center allotment gardens are at risk from commercial development and discusses the increasing alienation of owners and progressing devastation of these areas. The study also attempts to explain these issues and suggests design applications for revitalization.

Clifford W. Scherer · Journal of Applied Communications · United States

A 1970 article situates the traditional rural orientation of agricultural extension audiences historically, noting that 66% of the U.S. population was rural when the land-grant colleges were established, and that more than a quarter of the population still lived on farms 52 years later when the Smith-Lever Act created the Cooperative Extension Service. The abstract text provided contains only this historical background and no specific findings about the actual use of radio public service announcements for urban agriculture.

Eva C. Worden, Adrian Hunsberger, John McLaughlin · EDIS · United States (Florida)

This publication was developed to assist those who wish to form a community garden in Florida. A community garden is a collaborative greenspace where participants share in both maintenance and rewards. This document is part of a series from the Environmental Horticulture Department at the University of Florida.

Sibo Chen · Stream Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication · Global

This record announces the MA thesis defense of Gonen Steinberg, titled "Cultivating Resistance? Urban Sustainability, Neoliberalism, and Community Gardens," which took place on March 25th, 2015. The abstract provided is the title of the thesis itself.

Mickie E. Swisher, Rose Koenig, Jennifer Gove, James A. Sterns · EDIS · United States (Florida)

This bulletin from the University of Florida explains the concept of a consumer-supported farm (Community Supported Agriculture, or CSA). CSA is a production method where consumers directly partner with farmers to secure their own food production, and this bulletin describes the steps required to develop such a partnership.

Eva C. Worden · EDIS · United States

Landscaping in urban settings is described as offering a significant opportunity to contribute to sustainability, with edible landscaping — landscapes that incorporate plant species for human consumption — cited as one such opportunity. This document, ENH971, is part of a series from the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, originally published in May 2004.

Rayna Sharova · Soviet Education · Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, labor education was introduced into general schools shortly after World War I, with manual training for boys and handwork and domestic science for girls. After 1921, "Subotniks" (Sundays) were organized for pupils to perform mass work, including harvesting on school property, planting trees in drought-ridden lands, and cultivating school gardens and flower beds.

Aleksandr Filatov · Soviet Education · Russia (Moscow)

This text suggests that school garden areas in large industrial centers like Moscow should be integrated into the city's green spaces, functioning as well-planned squares within their district subdivisions. It asserts that this integration does not conflict with the garden's designated role as a living laboratory for the school.

Lydia Elzey · The American Biology Teacher · United States

This record is a research article titled "An Elementary School Garden Project" by Lydia Elzey, published in The American Biology Teacher in 1944. The abstract provides only publication details and states that the content is only available via PDF, with no further information about the project itself.

Earl R. Gabler · The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas · United States

A 1942 article in The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas (Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 469-472) titled "School Gardens for Victory"; the available record provides only this bibliographic citation, with no further abstract content.

Congreso Nacional de Chile · Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (Ley Chile) · Chile

This Chilean law, signed by President Pedro Aguirre Cerda on February 5, 1941 and published in Official Gazette No. 18903 (Ministerio del Trabajo) on March 4, 1941, directs the Caja de la Habitación Popular to allocate 30% of its annual funds to establishing worker and family orchards/gardens (huertos/jardines obreros y familiares) and 5% to developing home industries (Article 1). It requires gardens to be established in groups of no fewer than 20, with an area no smaller than 5,000 square meters (Article 8), and prohibits transferring, mortgaging, or subdividing a garden without the Caja's authorization until its price is fully paid (Article 17).

Congreso Nacional de Chile · Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (Ley Chile) · Chile

This Chilean law, signed on October 8, 1936 and published in Official Gazette No. 17589 (Ministerio del Trabajo) on October 10, 1936, creates the Caja de la Habitación Popular under the Ministry of Labor to promote the construction of low-cost, sanitary housing and worker/family gardens (huertos obreros y familiares), among other purposes (Article 1). Its capital includes 25 million pesos allocated annually by the State (Article 3). The law requires the Caja to devote at least 15% of its annual income to replacing conventillos (slum tenements) and at least 5% annually to promoting family gardens and home industry (Article 20).

Parliament of the United Kingdom · legislation.gov.uk (UK Public General Acts) · United Kingdom

The UK's Allotments Act 1925 enabled local authorities to acquire land for allotments and established tenant protections for allotment holders. An 'allotment' is defined as land not exceeding five acres cultivated as a garden or farm. Landowners reclaiming allotment land must give three months' notice for non-agricultural uses and six months' for sport or recreation, and tenants retain compensation rights under set conditions regardless of contract terms. Local authorities cannot sell or repurpose allotment land without approval from the agriculture minister and adequate provision for displaced holders. The Act applies to England and Wales only.

John Ihlder · National Municipal Review · United States (New York City)

This abstract, from "Lectures on housing" (1914), describes various activities initiated by public schools, including normal schools, kindergartens, evening schools, trade schools, vacation schools, playgrounds, and school gardens. It also mentions music, drawing, manual training, household arts, physical training, medical inspection, school nurses, special classes for children with disabilities, visiting teachers, and school lunches. Part 2 of the primer summarizes the aims and activities of the New York association.

John Ihlder · National Municipal Review · United States (New York City)

This 1914 item is a short notice of Robert Ellis Thompson's book 'The History of the Delling-House and Its Future,' priced at $1.00, appended to a summary of New York public-school activities including normal schools, kindergartens, evening and trade schools, vacation schools, playgrounds, school gardens, music, drawing, manual training, household arts, physical training, medical inspection, school nurses, classes for disabled children, visiting teachers and school lunches.

Diana Paola Betancurth Loaiza, Natalia Sánchez Palacio, Jorge Lino Moreno Aricapa · Repositorio Universidad de Caldas · Colombia

This report details the experience of implementing the Urban Community Garden in the Villa Juanita neighborhood. The project focused on fostering urban agriculture as a strategy to improve food security and promote sustainability within the community. The garden became a space for community participation where diverse sustainable agricultural practices were integrated. Through this project, social cohesion was strengthened, environmental education was promoted, and spaces for interaction and collective learning were generated.

Nina Leubrie · The Elementary School Teacher · United States

In October, upon the school's opening, many flowers were still blooming in "Grandmother's Garden" at Lincoln Park. The children desired to plant hollyhocks, hardy chrysanthemums, and bright autumn flowers in front of their building, but it was determined to be too late for fall flowers. Consequently, it was decided that spring flowers would be planted using bulbs, for which catalogues were obtained, and pictures and descriptions were studied.

Flora J. Cooke, Elsie A. Wygant, Lorley Ada Ashléman · The Elementary School Teacher and Course of Study · United States

A 1902 account of a pedagogical activity in which children in the School of Education planted part of a garden for children attending the summer model school, who would then pickle, can or otherwise preserve the crops and maintain a window box of blooming plants left for the returning students. The article describes how the activity integrated manual training (building boxes and trellises), science (germination experiments, soil observation), number work (estimating costs, measuring), reading, and expression (recording growth through painting, writing and modeling) into an instructional plan.

· Wikipédia (français) · France

This French Wikipedia article traces the history of French family/allotment gardens (jardins familiaux). The movement began in 1896 when abbé Lemire founded the "Ligue française du Coin de Terre et du Foyer," reorganized in 1921 into the "Fédération nationale des jardins familiaux," with the term "jardins familiaux" legally defined by a law of 26 July 1952. Gardens in the Paris region grew from 48 in 1904 to 1,515 in 1913, and by around 1945, at the end of World War II, France had roughly 250,000 such gardens.