Research & reports
Peer-reviewed research and reports on community urban agriculture, food education, composting, welfare and more.
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Critical findings
11393 results(448 / 456)
Exploring Sense of Place of Community Gardens in Portland
2000Barbara Shields · · United States (Portland)
This study examined the social and physical connections and images that define the sense of place in three community gardens managed by the City of Portland, United States. Thirty gardeners participated, using a narrative photo storytelling method to express their connections to space and experiences of empowerment through community gardening. The study proposes the concept of the Natural Realm, where community gardeners experience empowerment by perceiving gardens as sacred places for growing healthy food, practicing green domesticity, and learning from nature in a beautiful setting. Gardeners achieve most of their empowerment goals through solitary efforts to maximize pleasurable activities and increase personal efficacy and satisfaction.
CommunityA Case Study on Resident's Awareness of the Meaning and Role of Edible Landscape
2000Isami Kinoshita · Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture · Japan
This study analyzed residents' awareness of edible plant cultivation on their properties and the formation of edible landscapes in public spaces, in relation to childhood experiences and memories. The findings showed that childhood experiences influenced the formation of edible landscapes on private properties, which held multiple meanings, but the attribution of meaning to edible landscapes in public spaces was weak, highlighting resident involvement as a challenge.
Governance failureCommunityFood educationUrban–rural linkageCitizen-led Urban Agriculture and the Politics of Spatial Reappropriation in Montreal, Quebec
2000Claire Bach · · Canada (Montreal)
A case study of informal citizen-led urban agriculture projects in Montreal, Canada, focuses on the dynamics surrounding their establishment and complex structure. While often initiated by citizen groups, other actors, including non-profit organizations, municipal officials, or business owners, are also involved. This research demonstrates that collective urban agriculture projects exist simultaneously as a political practice that might not significantly alter the existing spatial and social orders.
CommunityPolicyFood sovereignty & justiceGérard MONEDIAIRE [dir.], Agricultures urbaines et ville durable européenne. Droits et politiques du jardinage familial urbain en Europe, Limoges, PULIM-Presses universitaires de Limoges, 1999, 334 p.
2000Isabel Boussard · OpenEdition (OpenEdition) · Europe
This book, published in 1999, defines "urban agricultures" as agricultural activities aimed at land development within urban or peri-urban sites. It explores the subject beyond traditional French worker or family gardens, considering the diversity of garden types and the broad geographical scope across Europe.
PolicyCommunityPeri-urban agricultureGrowing STEM Education on the Playground: A Case Study of the Factors That Influence Teachers’ Use of School Gardens
2000Megan Poole · · Global
Factors influencing primary school teachers' decisions to utilize school gardens in their STEM curriculum were investigated using a mixed methods design in a single school district. Quantitative data was collected from garden resource and teacher self-efficacy surveys, while qualitative data was extracted from in-depth teacher interviews. Overall analyses determined that aspects of instruction and logistics were the most important factors for teachers in their decision to utilize school gardens.
Food educationCommunityWaste recycling through urban farming in Hubli-Dharwad.
2000Fiona Nunan · · India (Hubli-Dharwad)
Urban agriculture in Hubli-Dharwad, India, is characterized by tradition and links with rural areas. The majority of urban agricultural activities in India involve keeping livestock, particularly in urban dairies, rather than vegetable growing by low-income communities. Urban and peri-urban agricultural activities in India are strongly associated with urban-based sources of waste, both in terms of consuming waste and producing dung.
Organic cycleWelfareCommunitySofia: urban agriculture in an economy in transition.
2000A. Yoveva, B. Gocheva, G. Voykova, B. Borissov, A. Spassov, N. Bakker, Marielle Dubbeling, S. Gündel, U. Sabel-Koschella, H. de Zeeuw · · Bulgaria (Sofia)
This abstract describes Bulgaria's geographical location, surface area, and general natural conditions favorable for agriculture. Bulgaria is located on the Balkan peninsula and covers 111,000 square kilometers. Climatic data provided include average winter temperature of 1.6°C, summer average of 21°C, mean annual temperature of 10°C, and mean annual rainfall of 813.6 mm.
Urban–rural linkageEconomicsAccra: urban agriculture as an asset strategy, supplementing income and diets.
2000Margaret Armar‐Klemesu, Daniel Maxwell, N. Bakker, Marielle Dubbeling, S. Gündel, U. Sabel-Koschella, H. de Zeeuw · · Ghana (Accra)
This abstract describes the geographical and climatic characteristics of Accra, Ghana. Accra is located on the east coast, near the Greenwich meridian and 5 degrees north of the Equator. The climate is hot and humid, with mean temperatures ranging from 24°C in August to 27°C in March, and an average annual rainfall of 730 mm, mostly in June, July, and October.
EconomicsHealthFood sovereignty & justiceLa paz: urban agriculture in harsh ecological conditions.
2000P. Kreinecker, N. Bakker, Marielle Dubbeling, S. Gündel, U. Sabel-Koschella, H. de Zeeuw · · Bolivia (La Paz)
This abstract describes the geographical and administrative context of La Paz, Bolivia, and its suburb El Alto. La Paz is situated at 3,600-3,800 meters above sea level, with El Alto located at 4,000-4,100 meters. The city lies in a basin with suburbs extending into the surrounding hills and mountains.
Urban–rural linkageClimate changeUsing a Web-based Survey to Research the Benefits of Children Gardening
2000Tina M. Waliczek, R. Daniel Lineberger, Jayne M. Zajicek, Jennifer Bradley · HortTechnology · Global
This study investigated adults' perceptions of the benefits of children participating in gardening through a web-based survey (320 responses) targeting adults working with youth in garden situations. The study covered 128,836 children, primarily under 12, involved in gardening with teachers in school gardens. Adults reported benefits to children's self-esteem and reduction in stress levels. Comparisons showed parents viewed food production as most important, while teachers prioritized socializing and learning about plants.
Food educationHealthCommunityIntégration horticulture ‑ élevage dans les systèmes agricoles urbains de la zone des Niayes (Sénégal)
2000Safiètou T. Fall, Abdou Salam Fall, Ibrahima Cissé, Badiane Aminata, Cheikh Alassane Fall, Maty Ba Diao · Bulletin de l’APAD · Senegal (Dakar)
This paper discusses the integration of horticulture and livestock in urban agricultural systems in the Niayes zone of Senegal. The underperformance of rural agriculture and food deficits have encouraged the development of urban and peri-urban agricultural activities for several decades. The contribution of this urban agriculture to city supply in Senegal is not well known.
Peri-urban agricultureFood sovereignty & justiceEconomics456 Measuring the Intensity of School Gardening Programs and the Impact on Positive Youth Development
2000Sonja M. Skelly, John Bradley · HortScience · United States (Florida)
This research project aimed to develop a typology of school garden program intensity and to determine if variables related to positive youth development varied within this intensity typology. Twenty elementary schools in Florida participated, accounting for approximately 20 teachers and 400 third-grade students. The study examined student developmental assets, environmental attitudes, and attitudes toward science.
Food educationCommunityHealthManaging Hawaii's Forests: A Conjoint Analysis of Lei Plant Material Sources
2000Gary R. Vieth · · United States (Hawaii)
This article examines conditions to encourage Oahu hula dancers, who gather forest plant materials for lei, to switch to alternatives like community gardens or commercial purchase. Some hula teachers expressed willingness to switch if alternatives were attractive, while others did not. The study suggests that policies making alternatives more appealing, such as reducing labor in community gardens or lowering commercial prices, may be more cost-effective than trying to change user preferences.
CommunityUrban–rural linkageResearch Article: Managing Hawaii's Forests: A Conjoint Analysis ofLeiPlant Material Sources
2000Gary R. Vieth, Linda J. Cox, Margaret Josephson, James R. Hollyer · Environmental Practice · United States (Hawaii)
This article examines conditions to encourage hula dancers on Oahu, Hawaii, to switch from forest gathering for lei plant materials to alternatives like community gardens or commercial purchase. Some hula teachers expressed willingness to switch if alternatives were attractive, while others did not. The study suggests that policies making alternatives more appealing, such as reducing labor in community gardens or lowering commercial prices, may be more cost-effective than trying to change user preferences.
CommunityPolicyUrban–rural linkageDEVELOPMENT OF A NITROGEN-RELEASE ALGORITHM FOR SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZERS
2000Kevin W. King, J. C. Balogh · Transactions of the ASAE · Global
This study developed a first-order decay equation to model the nitrogen release rate of sulfur-coated ureas (SCUs), prevalent in urban agricultural management. The model was fit with reasonable accuracy for both surface (Efficiency R²=0.63) and incorporated (Efficiency R²=0.70) applications. Temperature and seven-day dissolution were determined as best descriptive parameters for the surface model, while soil moisture and temperature were used for the incorporated model. Each model was validated with a limited amount of data, showing prediction efficiencies of 0.82 for surface and 0.63 for subsurface applications.
Organic cycleClimate changeBuilding a Mien American House: An Inter-Cultural Dialogue.
2000Lorie Hammond · · United States (California)
This study applies an anthropological approach to science teaching at a mainstream California elementary school, focusing on inter-cultural dialogue between Mien refugee families from Laos and mainstream educators. Using a family literacy project and a school-community garden, the research explores how traditional cultural knowledge and Western scientific knowledge can blend to develop curricula for science and literacy. The paper emphasizes dialogue where minority and majority voices co-create curricula, contrasting with standard parent involvement models.
CommunityFood educationWelfareRewriting the Plot: Sustaining allotments in the UK and Japan
2000Richard Wiltshire, Ren Azuma · Local Environment · Global
In the late 1980s, Japanese experts seeking a model allotment garden rejected the UK model, perceiving it as low status and in decline, in favor of the German Kleingarten. This paper suggests reconsidering the UK experience, given efforts to rebrand UK allotment gardening within sustainable development and the challenges faced by the Japanese Kleingarten model in the 1990s' changed economic climate.
CommunityPolicyCultivating Common Ground? A Case Study of a Community Garden Organization in Northeast Portland, Oregon
2000Bryan Zinschlag · · United States
This case study examines the City Soil Network (CSN), a community garden organization comprising seventeen garden sites in Portland, Oregon, thirteen of them in Northeast Portland — an area with a history of racial and ethnic discrimination. Methods combined content analysis of organizational publications, participant observation at four Northeast Portland garden sites, and interviews with eleven CSN members representing all three levels of involvement in the organization. Recent gentrification in Northeast Portland has disproportionately displaced African Americans and other historically marginalized residents, and the author argues that the CSN has so far failed to engage the residents who stand to benefit most from involvement.
CommunityWelfarePolicyJakarta: urban agriculture as an alternative strategy to face the economic crisis.
2000N. Purnomohadi, N. Bakker, Marielle Dubbeling, S. Gündel, U. Sabel-Koschella, H. de Zeeuw · · Indonesia (Jakarta)
This piece's abstract describes the physical conditions of Jakarta's Special Capital City Region (DKI): an average annual temperature of 27C, humidity of 80-90%, annual rainfall of about 2,000 mm (highest in January, lowest in September), an area of about 650 km2, a population density of 12,495 people per km2, population growth of 2.4% per year, and low, flat land of 0-50 m elevation with fertile alluvial soils.
EconomicsCommunityLes jardins familiaux marseillais : laboratoires territoriaux d'une agriculture urbaine en Méditerranée
2000Jean-Noël Consalès · Méditerranée · France
In Marseille, France, family gardens (jardins familiaux) have established themselves over a century as privileged witnesses to the different phases of urbanization (2000). From a necessary peripheral phenomenon during 1900–1945, to a land reserve during the postwar boom years, these collective vegetable-garden groupings stand today as symbols of urban society's renewed enthusiasm for peripheral agriculture. Marseille's family gardens have effectively become veritable territorial laboratories of urban agriculture in the Mediterranean.
CommunityPolicyLocalising the global food system
2000Helen L. La Trobe, Tim Acott · International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology · Global
An article arguing that while organic farming can address many environmental problems associated with agricultural intensification, it cannot on its own fully resolve the social and economic problems caused by the globalization of the food system, against a backdrop of increasingly industrialized, mechanized and chemical-input-dependent agriculture. It argues organic farming needs to be combined with local and regional direct marketing — such as farmers' markets, food box delivery schemes and Community Supported Agriculture — to move toward a more socially, environmentally and economically sustainable agrofood system.
Food miles & supply chainCSA & TeikeiEconomicsFood sovereignty & justiceA preliminary discussion on the development of modern urban agriculture in Shanghai
2000WU Yong-xing · Shijie dili yanjiu · China (Shanghai)
A discussion of modern urban agriculture construction and development in Shanghai, China, examined from four perspectives: functional transformation, structural adjustment, development organization, and spatial structure composition.
PolicyUrban–rural linkageCairo: urban agriculture and visions for a "Modern" city.
2000Jörg Gertel, Salman Samir, N. Bakker, Marielle Dubbeling, S. Gündel, U. Sabel-Koschella, H. de Zeeuw · · Egypt
A paper on Cairo, the urban centre of Egypt, which has undergone numerous transformations shaping its social and spatial structure over its long history. It describes a complex urban structure in which modern, post-modern-style architecture stands beside centuries-old buildings, and inner-city slums directly border high-rise buildings with mirror-glass windows. Greater Cairo is described as a typical mega-city of about 13 million inhabitants across three municipalities — Cairo, Giza and Qaliyubiya. The abstract provided breaks off at this point and does not include specific content on urban agriculture.
PolicyG00-1419 Community Supported Agriculture
2000Paul L. Swanson · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Global
This NebGuide, published by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, is a practical explainer describing what community-supported agriculture (CSA) is, how it works, and what producers need to do to participate — not an empirical study. At the time of writing, most Nebraskans had not heard of CSA, though the concept was about three decades old in Japan and Europe and 10-15 years old on the US East Coast. In Japan, amid continued loss of farmland to urbanization and farmers' migration to cities, a group of women approached local farm families proposing direct marketing of produce to urban residents; the resulting cooperative buying-club arrangement, called teikei, now involves millions of people. In Europe, farmers and community members concerned about food-system industrialization started the CSA model in the early 1970s. In the United States, two farms in the eastern US began CSAs based on the European model in 1986, and the guide states that more than 1,500 CSA farms existed across the country by the time of publication.
CSA & TeikeiFood educationReuse--the ultimate sink? Urine-diverting toilets to protect groundwater quality and fertilise urban agriculture.
2000Drangert Jo · PubMed · Global
Motivated by concerns over water and food scarcity and the health threats posed by faecal pollution and malnutrition, this paper discusses the development of a no-mix excreta disposal system that separates urine and faeces. It argues that ecological sanitation systems open up new, constructive sanitation options, particularly in poor peri-urban areas. The purpose of the no-mix system is described as saving water, reducing wastewater treatment problems, protecting groundwater quality, and recirculating nutrients from urine, and the paper addresses these aspects comprehensively.
Organic cycleCommunity